John Lyly: Euphues and his England 1580
(Original spelling, slightly updated by incorporating,
for clarity, the author's changes in later editions)
Transcribed by Barboura Flues
Edited, designed, and published on the web by Robert Brazil
All rights reserved, text/layout copyright 2006, B. Flues, R. Brazil, and elizabethanauthors.com

APPENDIX I

Glossary for Euphues and his England

By Barboura Flues
(FS means found in Shakespeare. NFS means not found in Shakespeare)

abroach (a): astir. FS (2-Rich3, R&J); Lyly Euphues Eng; Lodge Wounds; Greene Selimus; Harvey Sonnet 8; (anon.) Ironside, Locrine, Weakest.

adamant (n): alleged mineral, ascribed with the hard, unbreakable properties of a diamond; others ascribed to it properties of the lodestone or magnet. Golding uses both meanings, according to need. FS (3-1H6, MND, T&C); Golding Ovid; others. Common.

Ajax, son of Telamon. Mighty warrior against Trojans. Maddened when he was not awarded the armor of Achilles, he slew a flock of sheep; evenually killed himself. FS (LLL,H6, Lear); Golding Ovid; Lyly Eu[phues Eng; Marlowe/Nashe Dido; Nashe Penniless, Unf Trav, Absurdity; (anon.) Penelope.

Almaine rivets: per Bond, armor devised by the Germans, made with short plates with rivets sliding into slot-holes to allow overlapping.

Amphisbena: Amphisbean, a serpent with two heads. See Pliny III.8.23.

antidotum (n): strong poison Antidotum being but chafed in the hand, pierceth at the last the heart. Spurious science. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

Atalanta: see Ovid Metamorphoses, Book X.

aventure [at all] (adv): in any case; at random. NFS. Cf. Golding Ovid; Bedingfield Cardanus; Lyly Euphues Eng; (anon.) Leir.Per OED a legal term: 1672 Manley Interpr., Aventure..is a Mischance, causing the death of a Man, without Felony; as when he is suddenly drowned or burnt, falling into the Water or Fire.

baiting-place/bait (n): place of refreshment, rest. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

basilisk (n, adj): A fabulous reptile, ... alleged to be hatched by a serpent from a cock's egg; an_cient authors stated that its hissing drove away all other serpents, and that its breath, and even its look, was fatal. FS (5-2H6, 3H6, Rich3, WT, Cymb); Watson Hek; Lyly Euphues Eng, Woman ... Moon; Lodge Wounds; Greene Selimus; Nashe Penniless , Anatomy of Absurdity; (anon.) Locrine, Arden, Ironside; (disp.) Greene's Groat; Chettle Kind Hart; etc. Note also the striking use by Kyd in Sol&Per (reg. 1592), in which a major coward, braggart and back-stabber is named Basilisco.  See Connections.

bavin (n): bundle of  firewood. FS (1H4); Lyly Euphues Eng, Mother Bombie; Nashe Chr Tears; Kemp nine days; Chapman ... Eastward.

bewray (v): reveal. FS (7); Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng; many others.

bill (n): (1) weapon, long pole with axe and pike on one end. FS (many); Golding Ovid; many others. (2) [broad brown] (n): halberd (a kind of combination of spear and battle-axe, con_sisting of a sharp-edged blade ending in a point and a spear-head, mounted on a handle five- to seven-feet long). FS (Ado); Golding Ovid; Lyly Euphues Eng, Sapho, Endymion; (anon.) Leir; Munday John a Kent.

bit, on the: held on a tight rein. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

blazon/blaze (v): (1) describe in heraldic terms. (2) describe or proclaim openly. FS (8); Golding Ovid; Devises; Churchyard De Tristibus; Oxford poem, letter; Sundrie Flowers (E/N); Gascoigne Jocasta; Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng; Kyd Sol&Per; Spenser FQ; (anon.) Leic Gh.

board (v): encounter, accost. FS (Ado); Cf. Earl of Surrey Aeneid; Lyly Euphues Eng; Spenser FQ; Ham Q1 only.

bodkin (n): pin or pin-shaped ornament used to fasten women's hair; also a short pointed weapon, dagger. FS (Ham); Golding Ovid; Lyly Euphues Eng, Sapho, Endymion, Midas, Bombie, Pappe; Sidney Arcadia; Nashe Absurdity; (anon.) Arden; Marston, et al Eastward Ho.

boot (v, n): help, relief. FS (many); Heywood Prov; Brooke Romeus; Golding Ovid; Devices; Pickering Horestes; Churchyard De Tristibus; Sundrie Flowers; Robinson Delights; Lyly Euphues Eng; Kyd Sp Tr, Sol&Per; Greene G a G, Maiden's Dream; Lyly Bombie; Chettle Kind Hart; (anon.) Fam Vic, Willobie, Leic Gh. bootless (a): helpless, useless. FS (22); Brooke Romeus; Lyly Euphues Eng; Greene G a G, Orl Fur, Cony, Selimus; Kyd Sp; True Trag; Armin Quips; many others

bounch (n): swelling, protuberance, goiter, tumor. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

brake (n): clump of bushes, thicket. FS (11-3H6, MND, H8, V&A, PP); Golding Ovid; Lyly Euphues Eng.

break/brake [one's mind] (v): discuss, disclose, reveal. FS (5-1H6, Errors, Ado, T&C, Mac); Golding Ovid; Oxford letter; Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng, Endymion, Bombie; Kyd Sp Tr; Greene Pandosto; (anon.) Arden, Willobie; (disp.) Cromwell.

broil (n): fight, strife, turmoil. FS (13-1H6, 2H6, 3H6, Rich3, 1H4, T&C, Edw3); Churchyard poem (Cardanus); Lyly Euphues Eng; Lodge Wounds; Marlowe Massacre, Edw2; Kyd Cornelia; Greene Alphonsus; Lyly Pap; Pasquil Apology; (anon.) Locrine, Leic Gh.; Munday Huntington.

brook (v): put up with, bear with, tolerate. Usually in negative or preclusive constructions. FS (many); Golding Ovid; Lodge Wounds; (anon.) Mucedorus, Woodstock, Locrine, Fair Em, Leir, Arden, Ironside, Penelope; Lyly Euphues Eng, Love's Met; Greene G a G, Alphonsus, Orl Fur, Fr Bac, James IV, Maiden's Dream; Marlowe Massacre, Edw2; Sidney Astrophel; Nashe Valentines; Harvey Pierce's Super; Marprelate Prot; Munday Huntington.

brunt (n): outburst, attack. NFS. Cf. Golding Ovid; Watson Hek; Gascoigne Jocasta; Lyly Euphues Eng, Woman ... Moon; Lodge Civil War; Greene Fr Bac, Selimus; Marlowe T1, Massacre.

buckle (v): (1) enclose, encompass. FS (1-Mac). (2) prepare, equip. NFS. Cf. Lyly Bombie (OED missed 3d citation); Spenser FQ. (3) engage, grapple. FS (2-1H5); Lyly Euphues Eng; Greene Alphonsus (OED missed citation), Fr Bac; Lyly Pappe; Munday John a Kent. (4) smash, smite. FS (3H6).

buckler (n): shield. (4-1H4, Ado); Munday Roman; Lyly Euphues Eng, Midas; Greene Fr Bac; (anon.) Fam Vic, Woodstock, Leir, Ironside . Common.

caddis (n): worsted tape or binding. FS (1H4, WT); Lyly Euphues Eng (1st OED citation).

caitiff/caitive (n, a): wretch, sometimes prisoner. FS (13); Brooke Romeus; Golding Ovid; Pickering Horestes; Devices; Gascoigne Jocasta, Supposes; Lyly Euphues Eng; Lodge Wounds; Kyd Cornelia; Greene James IV, Selimus; Sidney Antony; (anon.) Mucedorus; Drayton et al Oldcastle.

caliver (n): (1) light musket, introduced in 16th c. FS (1-1H4); Lyly Euphues Eng; Gates Defence; Nashe Travellor.  (2) soldier armed with a caliver. Cf. Lyly Pappe.

carsie: see "kersey".

catoblepas (n): (Pliny VIII.32) there keepeth a wild beast called Catoblepes, little of body otherwise, heavie also and slow in his limbs besides, but his head only is so great that his body is hardly able to bear it; he always carrieth it down toward the earth, for if he did not so, he were able to kill all mankind: for there is not one that looketh upon his eyes, but he dieth presently. The like property hath the serpent called a Basilisk (see above). Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

cammock (a): crooked stick or piece of wood. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng, Sapho, Endymion, Bombie; Greene Selimus.

canker (n): spreading blight, corruption. FS (John, Ham, many); Lyly Euphues Eng, Sapho; Pasquil Countercuff. cankered/cancred (a): corrupt. FS (6-John, R&J, 1H4, 2H4, Corio); Golding Ovid; Pickering Horestes; Gascoigne Jocasta; Lyly Euphues Wit, Love Met; others.

canvas (v): catch in a net. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

carouse (v): (1) drink, sometimes toast. FS (Shrew); Marlowe T2; Greene Fr Bac; (anon.) Locrine; Nashe Penniless; (disp.) Greene's Groat. (2) (v, trans.): drink/toast (health, other good/bad fortune) to someone/something. FS (Shrew, Oth); Lyly Euphues Eng; Marlowe Edw2; Lyly Pap; Nashe Strange News; Armin Quips.(3) drink/toast (health, other good fortune), addressed to someone. FS (Shrew, Ham); Lyly Bombie.

cast [speak in one's] (v): interrupt. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng (1st OED citation).

cates (n): dainties, delicacies. FS (6-1H6, Errors, Shrew, 1H4, Edw3, Pericles); Golding Ovid; Udall; Sundrie Flowers; Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng; Marlowe T1, T2; Greene Fr Bac; (anon.) Arden, Dodypoll; Drayton et al Oldcastle; (disp.) Greene's Groat; Jonson Cynthia; Chapman Bl Beggar.

cheer (n): (1) expression. FS (5-1H6, Shrew, 1H4, Edw3); (2) provender, food, plenty. FS (20); Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng, Campaspe, Sapho, Bombie; many others.

choke-pear (n): something difficult to swallow. NFS. Cf. Harvey letter; Lyly Euphues Eng, Bombie.

chrysocoll (n): 1657 Phys. Dict, a kind of mineral found like sand in the veins of some metals. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng, Sapho; Greene Never too Late; Lodge Rosalind.

claw (v): grasp, clutch. FS (H5); Lyly Euphues Eng. (2) stroke, flatter. (Ado).

clout (n): cloth. FS (4-R&J, Lear, Hamlet, A&C); Golding Ovid; Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng, Campaspe, Gallatea, Sapho, Bombie, Endymion; Greene Orl Fur, James IV; Nashe Summers.

cockboat (n): ship's boat; small, light craft. FS (1-Lear); Lyly Euphues; Greene Pandosto..

colewort (n): plant of the cabbage family. Cf. Golding Ovid; Lyly Euphues Eng.

commodity (n): profit or gain, benefit, advantage. FS (2-Pericles); Bedingfield Cardanus; Lyly Euphues Wit, England; Oxford letter; (anon.) Ironside; Pasquil Apology.

compass (adv): around the clock, in a circle. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

conceit (n): understanding, idea, imagination. FS (1H6, Errors, R&J, Ham, H8); Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng; Lodge Wounds; Kyd Sp Tr; Greene Fr Bac; Puttenham Poesie; (anon.) Willobie, Dodypoll.

cooling-card (n): drawback, anything that "cools" a person's passion or enthusiasm; possibly ruins one's chances of winning a game.FS 1-(1H6); Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng; Lodge Wounds, Rosalind; Greene Card; (anon.) True Trag, Leir; Giles Gooscap.

contrarieties (n): contradictions. FS (1H6); Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng; Watson Hek (comments); Oxford tournament speech; Greene Ciceronis; (anon.) Marprelate.

cote (v): comment, cite, quote. NFS. Cf. Udall Erasmus; Hamlet Q2 ("quote" in modern versions); Lyly Euphues Eng.

couch (v): bow in obedience or submission. FS (JC); Lyly Euphues Eng; Fr Bacon source.

coying (n): fondling, coaxing. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng; Drayton Odes (1st of 3 OED citations).

cozen, cozener, cozening (v, n): cheat/dupe, cheater, cheating. FS (7-Shrew, MV, MWW, AWEW, Ham, Lear); Lyly Euphues Eng, Gallatea, Midas, Bombie, Woman ... Moon; Greene Orl Fur, Cony, James IV, Selimus; (anon.) Woodstock, Marprelate, Dodypoll, Ironside, Nobody/Somebody, Yorkshire, News Heaven/Hell; Harvey Pierce's Super; Nashe Saffron; (disp.) Greene's Groat, Maiden's.

crotchet (n): in music a half-note, formed of a stem with a round black head. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng; Nashe Valentines.

cullis/cullace (n): strong broth, esp. nourishing for the sick. NFS. Cf. Golding Ovid; Lyly Euphues Eng, Campaspe; (anon.) Ironside.

cursie: amended to "courtesie".

darnel (n): unwanted grass; weed which often grows amid corn. FS (3Y6); Devices; Lyly Euphues Eng.

diapason (n): (1) complete concord, harmony, or agreement. NFS. Cf. Greene Maiden's Dream. (2) melodious harmony. FS (Lucrece); Lyly Euphues Eng; Marston Scourge Vill.

discover (v): reveal. FS (many); Brooke Romeus; Bedingfield letter, Oxford letter Cardanus (dedication); Lyly Euphues Eng; Phoenix; (anon.) Ironside; Chapman D'Olive. Common.

disport (n): diversion, amusement, sometimes mockery. FS (Oth); Lyly Euphues Eng.

draff (n): food for swine, swill, dregs. FS (2-1H4, MWW); Heywood Prov; Lyly Euphues Eng; Nashe Menaphon; Harvey Pierce.

dragges: dregs.

dry bones (n): reference to venereal disease. Cf. Euphues Eng.

dump (v, n): muse. mood. NFS. Devices; Watson Hek; Lyly Euphues Eng; Greene Card of Fancy, Orl Fur, Never Too Late, Fr Bacon, Pandosto; Lodge Rosalind; (anon.) Leir, Fair Em.

eft (n): newt, small lizard. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

espial (n): spy, body of spies. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

fa-burden: bass, originally from system of harmonizing, from the French "faux-burden".

fain (adv): be pleased. FS (1H6, AsYou, Ham); Golding Ovid; Bedingfield Cardanus; Lyly Euphues Eng; Greene Fr Bacon; Armin Quips; (anon.) Leic Gh.

flout (n): mocking speech or action. FS (LLL): Lyly Euphues Eng, Whip.

foil/foyle (n): setting, backing. FS (Rich2); Lyly Euphues Eng; (anon.) Dodypoll.

fond (a): rash, foolish. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng. Common.

forfend (v): forbid, prohibit. FS (8), Golding Ovid; Udall Erasmus; Lyly Euphues Eng; Lodge Wounds; Greene Alphonsus; (anon.) Woodstock; Ironside; Munday Huntington.

frolic (a): merry. FS (MND?); Lodge Wounds, Greene Fr Bacon, Kyd Sp Tr; Lyly Euphues Eng, Midas; Marlowe Faustus; (disp.) Cromwell; (anon.) Leir, Mucedorus; Nashe Saffron; Chapman D'Olive.

froward (a): perverse, forward. FS (13); Golding Ovid; Oxford poem; Devices; Lyly Euphues Wit; Greene Card; Common. frowardly (adv): perversely. NFS. Cf. Ox letter. frowardness (n): perversity, forwardness. NFS. Cf. Devices; Bedingfield Cardanus; Lyly Euphues Eng, Sapho; Greene Pandosto; (disp.) Greene's Groat; (anon.) Woodstock, Arden.

fustian (n) coarse material. FS (Shrew); Lyly Euphues Eng; Chapman Bl Beggar; Bacon Dramatic Forms.

gin (n) : snare, trap, sometimes chains. FS (Macbeth) ; Lyly Euphues Eng.

gleed/glede/glead (n): hot coal. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

glick/gleek (n): gibe, jest, gird. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng, Pap, Bombie.

glister/glaster (v): glitter. FS (9); Golding Ovid, Abraham; Brooke Romeus; Sundrie Flowers (Ever/Never); Churchyard poem (Cardanus); Gascoigne Jocasta; Watson Hek; Lyly Euphues Eng, Gallathea, Woman ... Moon, Midas; Greene Fr Bacon; (anon.) Locrine; (disp.) Cromwell, Maiden's. Cf. V&A (44): His eye, which scornfully glisters like fire. See also Willobie (In praise of): Yet Tarquin plucked his glistering grape, And Shake-speare, paints poor Lucrece rape.

glistering (a, n): glittering. Cf. Golding Ovid, Abraham; Lyly Sapho; (anon.) Willobie. See also Willobie (In praise of) : Yet Tarquin plucked his glistering grape, And Shake-speare, paints poor Lucrece rape.

gloze/glose (n, v): specious, over-expansive talk, flattery. FS (6-LLL, Rich2, H5, TA, Hamlet Q1 only, T&C, Pericles); Lyly Euphues Anat, Eng, Campaspe; many others.

gravel (v): confound, embarrass, perplex, puzzle. FS (1-AsYou); Lyly Euphues Eng; (anon.) Ironside; Marlowe Faust. OED contemp citation: 1548 Detect. Unskil. Physic. ; 1566 Drant Horace's Sat.

grisping (n): twilight.Lyly Euphues Eng (1st of 2 OED citations).

guerdon (n, v): prize, recompense. FS (4-2H6, LLL, Ado, Edw3); Brooke Romeus; Golding Ovid; Bedingfield Cardanus; Lyly Euphues Eng, Woman/Moon; Lodge Wounds; Kyd Sp Tr; Greene Card of Fancy; Marlowe Massacre; Peele Phoenix; Nashe Summers; Munday Huntington; (anon.) Leir, Ironside, Leic Gh; Chapman Bl Beggar.

hab nab: hit or miss. Cf. Udall Erasmus; Lyly Euphues Eng.

heedie (a): heedful.

hoise/hoyse (v): hoist. FS (1-2H6); Golding Ovid; Devices; Watson Hek; Edwards Dam&Pith; Lyly Euphues Eng, Campaspe; Munday Zelauto; Nashe Penniless; Chapman Bl Beggar.

housewife/huswife (n): a light, worthless, or pert woman or girl. Obs. Usually huswife; now hussy. Cf. Heywood Prov; Lyly Euphues Wit, England; many others.

Iphis, Pyramus, Myrrha: See Ovid Metamorphoses, Books IX, IV, X.

imp out (v): (1) fill in, enlarge. NFS. Cf. Chapman D'Olive (2d OED citation). (2) in falconry, engraft a wing with feathers, strengthen or improve the flight of. FS (Rich2); Lyly Euphues Eng (1st OED citation).

impostume/imposthume (n): swelling or cyst, abcess. FS (Ham); Lyly Euphues Eng.

Ixion: son of the Lapith king, who attempted to make love to Juno. In punishment he was bound to a fiery wheel which rolled ceaselessly throughout the sky.

jade (n): (1) worn-out or badly bred horse. FS (Rich2, 2H6); Devices; Gascoigne Steele Gl; Greene Selimus; Lyly Euphues Eng, Pappe; Kemp Nine Days.

jar (n): discord, strife. FS (AsYou); Heywood Prov; Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng; Spender FQ; Armin Quips; (anon.) Fair Em, Leic Gh.

jennet/genet (n): small horse, originally Spanish-bred. FS (2-Edw3, V&A); Golding Ovid; Brooke Romeus; Lyly Euphues Eng; Lodge Wounds.

jointure (n): The holding of property to the joint use of a husband and wife for life or in tail, as a provision for the latter, in the event of her widowhood. FS (5); Lyly Euphues Eng; Greene Fr Bac; (anon.) Leir, Nobody/Somebody.

justle (v): push. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

ken (n): sight. FS (4-2H6, 2H4, Cymb, Lucrece); Lyly Euphues Eng; Greene Orl Fur. kenning (n): sight (v. to ken). NFS. Cf. Golding Ovid; Kyd Sol&Per. OED contemp. citations: 1577 Holinshed Chron.; 1586 R. Lane in Capt. Smith Virginia; 1598 Tofte Alba.

kersey (n):  coarse narrow cloth, woven from long wool. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

kirtle (n): cloak. FS (2-2H4, PP); Golding Ovid; Lyly Euphues Eng.

last (n): wooden model of the foot on which cobblers shaped the shoe. FS (R&J); Lyly Euphues Eng; Greene Menaphon..

leasing (n): lie, falsehood. FS (12th, Corio); Lyly Euphues Eng; Nashe Absurdity; Spenser FQ; (anon.) Nobody/Somebody; Jonson Cynthia; Munday Huntington.

lees (n): dregs. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

let (v): hinder, prevent. FS (Errors, Ham, Lucrece); Brooke Romeus; Golding Ovid; Devices; Churchyard De Tristibus; Pickering Horestes; Bedingfield Cardanus; Oxford letters; Robinson Delights; Lyly Euphues Eng; Lodge Wounds; Greene Selimus. Common.

limn (v): illuminate, adorn. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

list (n): pleasure, inclination, desire. FS (Oth); Devices (23, 101); Lyly Euphues Eng.

list (v): choose. FS (many); Heywood Proverbs; Brooke Romeus; Pickering Horestes; Devices; Churchyard De Tristibus; Gascoigne Jocasta; Peele Phoenix; Lyly Euphues Eng; Gates Defence; Lodge Wounds; Sidney Arcadia; Armin Quips; Chapman Bl Beggar; (anon.) Leir, Willobie, Leic Gh.

litherness (n): laziness; sluggishness. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng; Endymion.

lunary (n):  moonwort, a fern; by many believed to have magical powers (see Sapho). NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng, Gallatea, Sapho, Endymion. OED missed all uses.

lungis/longis (n): tall, slim awkward man. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng; Nashe Summers.

maculate (v): soil, defile. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

malapert (a): presumptuous, saucy. FS (3-3H6, Rich3, 12th); Lyly Euphues Eng, Endymion, Woman ... Moon; Greene Card of Fancy; Pasquil Apology; (anon.) Ironside, Dodypoll. OED contemp citation: (1567) Drant Horace.

mammering (n): vacillation. CF. Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng.

margent (n): margin or edge, as commentary on comments of a book. FS (R&J, Ham & Q2, not in Folio); Lyly Euphues Eng, Pappe.

maroneum, a wine (n): Not found in the OED.

mithridate (n): composition of many ingredients in the form of an electuary, regarded as a universal antidote or preservative against poison and infectious disease; any medicine to which similar powers were ascribed. NFS. Lyly Euphues Eng,  Sapho; Cf. (anon.) Leir, Arden; Chettle Kind Harts; Dekker Gull's Hornbook.

molest (a): troublesome, vexatious. NFS. Cf. Taverner Eras. (only OED citation); Lyly Euphues Eng.

moly (n): mythological herb having a white flower and a black root, endowed with magic properties; said by Homer to have been given by Hermes to Odysseus as a charm against Circe's sorceries. The Homeric moly is by some writers identified with the mandrake, but Theophras_tus and Dioscorides apply the name to some species of garlic (Allium). NFS. Cf. Golding Ovid; Lyly Euphues Wit, England, Gallatea; Greene Orl Fur, James IV. OED cites also : Gosson Sch. Abuse: ... as Homers Moly against Witchcraft.

Morisco (a): in the Moorish fashion NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng. (n) Morris dancer, as a Morisco, barbarian. FS (2H6).

mouldwarp/moldwarp (n): mole. FS (1-1H4); Sundrie Flowers; Lyly Euphues Eng; Spenser Col. Clout.

mower (n): person of low degree; hence the proverb "he/she is no meat for the mower/mowing." NFS (although the proverb is used, reworded). Cf. Udall Erasmus; Lyly Euphues Eng; Jonson Tub; Chapman Humorous Day's.

mowing (n) grimacing. FS (Lear); Lyly Euphues Eng.

Murrion (n): Moor, blackamoor. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng; Nashe Summers.

noisome (a): harmful, inurious, offensive. FS (Corio); Lyly Euphues Eng.

orpiment (n): an arsenic compound. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng, Gallathea.

overthwarting (n) Lyly Euphues Eng.

pack/be packing (v): begone, depart. FS (5-Shrew, MV, MWW, Timon, PP); Pickering Horestes; Edwards Dam&Pith; Robinson Delights; Watson Hek; Lyly Euphues Eng; Greene Alphonsus, James IV; (anon.) Leir, Willobie. 1st 2 OED citations: 1508 Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar; 1601 Chester Love's Mart.

packthread (n): cord used to tie packages. FS (R&J); Lyly Euphues Eng, Sapho.

partlet (n): neckcloth worn by a woman. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng; Sidney Arcadia.

peccavi [cry peccavi]: I confess; I have sinned. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng; Greene Card; Harvey letters.

peevish (n): small, silly. Golding Ovid; Lyly Euphues Eng. Common.

personage (n): personal characteristics, such impressive appearance, stature and bearing. FS (MND); Lyly Euphues Eng.

pine, pine away (v): starve, waste away. FS (10+); Golding Ovid; Oxford poems; Lyly Euphues Eng; many others.

Phaeton: Ovid Metamorphoses, Book I.

policy (n): trickery, cunning. FS (many); Golding Ovid; Gascoigne Supposes; Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng, Campaspe, Sapho, Endymion, Bombie; Kyd Sp Tr, Sol&Per; Greene Pandosto, Selimus; (anon.) Woodstock, Locrine, Fam Vic, Ironside, Nobody, Leic Gh; Chettle Kind Hart. Wide contemp use. A major Shakespeare preoccupation, i.e.: 1H4: Neuer did base and rotten Policy / Colour her working with such deadly wounds.

post (n) speed. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

precise (a): guided by Puritan precepts; code word for Puritan. FS (9-1H6, TGV, MWW, AWEW, Ham, MM); Lyly Euphues Eng, Campaspe, Gallathea, Sapho, Midas, Whip; Marlowe Jew of Malta; Greene James IV; (anon.) Fam Vic, Leir, Blast of Retreat, Willobie, Leic Gh. preciseness (n): adherence to Puritan ideals. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

puissance (n): power, military army/might. FS (7-2H6, 3H6, John, 2H4, H5, Lear, TNK); Golding Ovid; Devices; Lyly Euphues Eng; Munday Zelauto; Greene G a G, Pandosto, Selimus; (anon.) Locrine, Leic Gh; Spenser FQ.

pyrethum (n): original name of the plant Anacyclus Pyrethrum,  Pellitory of Spain, a native of Barbary, Arabia, and Syria, having a pungent root used in medicine. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng; 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts: To provoke him to [s]neese, by blowing Pepper and Pyrethre beaten to powder, up into his nostrils.

quotidian (n): daily fever or ague. FS (H5, AsYou); Lyly Euphues Eng.

quoying: see "coying."

rack (v): raise above a fair amount, extort. FS (4-2H6, MV, Ado, MM); Sundrie Flowers; Lyly Euphues Eng; Greene Cony; (anon.) Munday Huntington; Nobody/Somebody; (disp.) Maiden's.

rase: corrected to "rest".

rate (v): chide, scold. FS (1H4); Devices.; Lyly Euphues Eng.

refel (v): deny, refute. FS (MM). Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng, Campaspe, Sapho; Lodge Rosalind.

rehearse (v): give an account of. FS (many); Bedingfield Cardanus; Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng; Munday Roman, Zelauto; Greene Pandosto.

reprehend (v): reprove, find fault. FS (Errors, LLL, V&A); Watson Amyntas; Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng; Marlowe Jew of Malta; Blast of Retreat; T.H. Oenone & Paris; Kyd letter to Sir John Puckering (1593); (anon.) Oldcastle, Arden, Willobie. (None listed in OED.)

resiluation (n): resilience.

resons: raisons.

sandastros/sandaresus (n): Indian stone described by Pliny, with a transparent exterior but appearing to be burning internally; possibly sandarac, red arsenic sulphide. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

Scyrum: Scuros.

searcloth/serecloth (n): thin, worn cloth (per OED)?

shamble (n): (1) meat market. NFS. (2) slaughter-house. FS (Oth); Udall Erasmus; Lyly Euphues Eng; Jonson Volpone.

sift (v): question, examine; also understand, comprehend. FS (3-Rich2, Ham Q2, AWEW); Golding Ovid; Edwards Dam&Pith; Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng, Gallathea, Woman ... Moon; Greene Never too Late, Pandosto; (anon.) Ironside, Leir, Weakest; Pasquil Return, Leic Gh.

silly/seely/sielie (a): silly, simple, innocent, vulnerable. FS (many); Lyly Euphues Eng; many others.

simples (n): medicine or medicament concocted of only one constituent, esp. of one herb or plant; hence, a plant or herb employed for medical purposes. In common use from c 1580 to 1750, chiefly in pl. FS (4-R&J, AsYou, Ham, Lear); Lyly Euphues Eng, Sapho, Endymion (OED missed citation); Greene Card of Fancy; Harvey Pierce's Super;  Chettle Kind Hart. OED contemp citations: 1539 Elyot Cast. Helthe; 1563 T. Gale Antidot. 1588 Greene Perimedes

Sisyphus: King of Corinth, seduced his niece Tyro and falsely accused his brother of incest and of murdering Tyro's children. Known as a thief and liar who betrayed Jupiter's secrets. Sen_tenced to roll a huge stone to the summit of a hill, each time forced to start again as the stone rolled back down. Son of King Aeolus of Thessaly. Cf. Golding Ovid; Devices; Bedingfield Cardanus; Lyly Euphues Eng; Greene Selimus.

skill (v, n): matter, care. FS (3-Shrew, 12th, 2H6); Golding Ovid; Heywood Prov; Devices; Bedingfield Cardanus; Lyly Euphues Eng, Campaspe, Endymion, Love's Met, Gallathea; Greene Fr Bac; Chettle Kind Hart; Nashe Penniless; (anon.) Fam Vic, Ironside, Leir; Leic Gh; (disp.) Greene's Groat; Chapman Bl Beggar, D'Olive.

sleight/slight [of hand] (n): craft, trickery. FS (3H6, Mac); Golding Ovid; Leic Gh; others. Common.

slip (n): (1) counterfeit coin. Cf. Lyly Bombie; Greene; Nashe Unf Trav (OED missed Lyly 3d citation). (2) mire. (3) strip of land. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng (meaning unclear).

sodden (ppa): boiled, cooked. FS (Pericles); Lyly Euphues Eng.

sound [for grief}: changed to "swound."

speed (v): fare, succeed. FS (19+, ); Devices; Golding Ovid, Abraham; Lyly Euphues Eng; Kyd Sol&Per; Greene James IV; Marlowe Edw2; (anon.) Leir, Ironside, Willobie, Leic Gh; Peele Wives; Chapman Bl Beggar. Common.

spill (v): kill. FS (3-Ham, Lear, Lucrece); Brooke Romeus; Golding Ovid, Abraham; Devices; Pickering Horestes; Lyly Euphues Eng; Spenser FQ; (anon.) Woodstock, Willobie, Penelope, Leic Gh.

square, out of square (a): awry. NFS. Cf. Golding Ovid; Edwards Dam&Pith; Lyly Euphues
Eng.

squat at the: in a crouching position, as a hare on alert. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng (1st OED citation).

stellio (n): spotted lizard. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

stump (n): remaining piece of a broken entity. Shewmaker finds a phallic use in WS H8. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng, where this association seems to be a somewhat remote possibility.

tabor (n): small drum. FS (Ado, Temp); Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng.

Tamantes: Timanthes.

Tantalus: possibly the son of Jupiter. Betrayed Jupiter's secrets; also killed his son Pelops and served him at a feast of the Gods. Sentenced to eternal torment in the company of Ixion, Sisyphus, Titias, and the Danaids. He hangs, eternally consumed by hunger, from the bough of a fruit tree which leans over a lake. When he leans down the water slips away. When he reaches for the fruit of the tree, a wind blows it out of the way.

ted (v): spread. tedding (n) spreading. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

teen: corruption of "keen".

card of teen: strong card, of ten pips. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

tertian (n): fever or ague, characterized by a paroxysm on alternate days, or every third day. Rare. FS (H5); Bedingfield Cardanus; Euphues Eng.

tetter/tetar (n): general term for any pustular herpetiform eruption of the skin, as eczema, herpes, impetigo, ringworm, etc. FS (2-Ham, T&C); Lyly Euphues Eng; Marston Malcontent.

tickle [state] (a): excitable, changeable, unreliable. FS (2-2H6, MM); Heywood Prov; Devices; Watson Hek; Gascoigne Sonnet in Praise ...; Lyly Euphues Eng; Lodge Wounds; Kyd Cornelia, Sol&Per; Greene Card of Fancy.

tilia (n): linden. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

tire/tyre (v): wear down, exhaust. FS (Titus); Lyly Euphues Eng; Greene Selimus; Kyd Cornelia.

toys (n): ideas, fancies, whims. FS (R&J); Copland Jyll; Lyly Euphues Eng; Munday Roman; Greene Pandosto, Maiden's Dream.

train/trayne (n, v): trap. FS (5-1H5, Errors, Rich3, Mac); Golding Ovid; Devices; Gascoigne Jocasta; Lyly Euphues; Eng Gallathea, Kyd Sp Tr, Sol&Per; Marlowe Jew, Edw2; Chettle Kind Hart; Drayton et al Oldcastle; Spenser FQ; (anon.) Willobie, Penelope; Chapman D'Olive.

tush (n): a common interjection.

tympany (n): (1) used vaguely for a morbid swelling or tumour of any kind. Common from 16th to 18th c. Cf. Holinshed Chron. (3d OED citation). (2) transf. or allusively, esp. in reference to pregnancy. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng (1st OED citation). (3) swelling, as of pride, arrogance, self-conceit, etc., figured as a disease; a condition of being inflated or puffed up; an excess of something figured as a swelling; something big or pretentious, but empty or vain; inflated style, turgidity, bombast. Note: In context this seems to be a better definition of the Euphues use than #2.

valure (n): worthiness, merit. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

vizard (n): mask. FS (1H4); Lyly Euphues Eng (2d OED citation). (v):  FS (T&C).

waft (v): convey, transport. FS (2H6); Lyly Euphues Eng.

wand (n): straught stick, sometimes used for chastisement or as a riding crop. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

ward (v): stand guard. FS (3-Rich3, T&C, Titus); Golding Ovid; Kyd Sp Tr; Greene Fr Bac; Lyly Euphues Eng, Midas; (anon.) Arden, Willobie, Leic Gh.

wem (n): (1) moral defilement, stain. NFS. (2) blemish, scar. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng. (3) harm, injury. Cf. Nashe Lenten Stuff.

whist (a): hushed, silent. (v) hush. FS (1-Temp); Surrey Aeneas; Golding Ovid; Churchyard De Tristibus; Lyly Euphues Eng, Gallathea, Endymion, Midas, Bombie; Greene James IV, Pandosto, Never Too Late; Nashe Penniless; Harvey Pierce's Super.

whistle (v): call, summon, entice. NFS. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng (2d OED citation).

whit (n): very small amount. FS Lyly Euphues Eng. Very common..

white (n): in archery, a white target usually placed on the butt. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng. OED citations: Hellowes Gueuara's Chron; Greene Mamillia.

winch (v): flinch. FS (1-John), Ham Q2; Edwards Dam&Pith; Lyly Euphues Eng; Bombie; Nashe Almond.

windlass, fetch a (v): make a circuit [to intercept game]. NFS. Cf. Golding Caesar, Ovid; Lyly Euphues Eng. (Nos. 2-4 of 4 OED citations.)

wist (v): knew/known. FS (1-1H6); Golding Ovid, Abraham; Brooke Romeus; (anon.) Devices; Gascoigne Jocasta, Supposes; Churchyard De Tristibus; Edwards Dam&Pith; Lyly Euphues Eng; Munday Roman Life; Marlowe Edw2; Greene Card of Fancy; Nashe Summers; (anon.) Willobie, Penelope, News Heaven/Hell; Drayton et al Oldcastle.

withe (n): band, tie, or shackle of tough flexible twig or branch, or of several twisted together; as of willow or osier, used for binding or tying, sometimes for plaiting. NFS. Cf. Golding Ovid; Lyly Euphues Eng; Lodge Wounds.

wot (v): know. FS (30); Lyly Euphues Wit, Eng. Common.

yerk/yirk/yark (v): (1) lash, whip, kick out. FS (1-H5); Golding Ovid; Edwards Dam&Pith; Lyly Euphues Eng, Sapho. (2) stab, strike FS (1-Oth).

zutho (n): possibly zythum, an Egyptian cereal.

Lyly's Real and Fanciful World of Science, Natural History and Magic

Gabriel Harvey, Pierce's Supererogation (speaking of Lyly): But every man hath not the gift of Albertus Magnus; rare birds are dainty, and they are quaint creatures that are privileged to create new crea_tures. When I have a mint of precious stones, & strange fools, beasts, and fishes of mine own coining (I could name the party that in comparison of his own natural inventions termed Pliny a barren womb),

adamant (n): see Glossary.

adyaton: a herb though it be wet, looketh always dry. Not in Pliny, apparently spurious. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

alpina: A strange tree ... which bringeth forth the fairest blossoms of all trees, which the Bee either suspecting to be venomous, or misliking because it is so glorious, neither tasteth it, not commeth near it. Not in Pliny, apparently spurious. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

antidotum: stronge poison Antidotum being but chafed in the hand, pierceth at the last the heart. Spurious science. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

Arabian river: The river in Arabia, which turneth gold to dross, & dirt to silver. Not in Pliny, apparently spurious. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

bear: there is no beast that toucheth the herb whereon the Bear hath breathed

crocodile: the birde Trochilus liveth by the mouth of the Crocodile and is not spoiled. cf. Lyly Euphues Wit. the Crocodile, who suffereth the bird to breed in her mouth, that scoureth her teeth. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng. Based on Pliny, breeding in the mouth is a Lyly embellishment. See also Trochilus.

ibis: African bird who being handled lose their feathers. Not in Pliny, apparently spurious. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

jaculus: the serpent Jaculus & the Viper, who burst with their own brood, as these are torn with their own tongues. Pliny ascribes this to the viper, not in his mention of the jaculus.

love charms: The Herb Carisium, moistened with the blood of a Lizard, and hanged about your neck, will cause Camilla ... to dream of ... whatsoever you would wish her to think of you, but being wakened she shall not remember what she dreamed of. And this Herb is to be found in a Lake near Boetia, of which water who so drinketh, shall be caught in Love, but never find the Herb: And if he drink not, the Herb is of no force. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

this I thought, that if one of your years should take a dram of Magis, wherby consequently you should fall to  an ounce of love, Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

the Beast Hyena, of whom there is no part so small, or so vile, but it serveth for their pur_pose: Insomuch that they accompt Hyena their God that can do all, and their Devil that will do all. ... If you take seven hairs of Hyena's lips, and carry them six days in your teeth, or a piece of her skin next your bare heart, or her belly girded to your left side, if Camilla suffer you not to obtain your purpose, certainly she cannot choose, but thank you for your pains. Cf. Euphues Eng.

If thou be witched with eyes, wear the eye of a weasel in a ring, which is an enchantment against such charms, Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

ostrich: It fareth with me Psellus as with the ostrich, who pricketh none but herself, which causeth her to run when she would rest. Apparently spurious. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

piralis/pyrasta (n): the bird Piralis sitting upon white cloth is white, upon green, green and changeth  her color with every cloth, There are references to a fly Piralis, that is born in fire, but nothing that conforms to this passage. This seems spurious. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

porphirius (n): a serpent, though he be full of poison yet having no teeth, hurteth none but himself. Spurious natural history. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng (twice).

serapie: a serpent which being touched with a brake, bursteth. Not in Pliny, apparently spurious. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

snail: I am of this mind with Homer, that as the Snail that crept out of her shell was turned eftsoons into a Toad, and thereby was forced to make a stool to sit on, dis_daining her own house: ... Not found in Homer, this seems spurious. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng

stone

in Cicico: which runneth away if it be not fastened to some post. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

emerald which cracketh rather than consenteth to any disloyalty. Not in Pliny, apparently spurious. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

pansura: a stone which draweth all other stones, be they never so heavy. Apparently spurious.

of Thrace: a stone in the flood of Thracia, that whosoever findeth it, is never after grieved. Spurious. Cf. Euphues Eng.

Thyrrenus (a stone) being whole, swimmeth, but never so little diminished, sinketh to the bottom. Spurious. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

trochilus: like the brood of Trochilus, whose eggs in the same moment that they are laid become birds. Cf. Lyly Campaspe. See also crocodile.

wood culver: who plucketh of her feathers in winter to keep others from cold. Not in Pliny, apparently spurious. Cf. Lyly Euphues Eng.

 

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