Anonymous Plays: Edmund
Ironside
APPENDIX II continued:
Functional Connections
by Barboura
Flues copyright © 2002
Legal
term: Free consent
Shakes 3H6 (IV.5-6.36) CLARENCE: And therefore I yield thee / my free
consent.
Kyd Sol&Per (I.4.1) CYPRUS: Brave Gentlemen, by all your free consents,
Anon. Ironside (I.1.4-5) CAN: and how his son Prince Edmund
wears the crown / without the notice of your free consent
Willobie (XXII.2): Excepting him, whom free consent / By wedlock words hath
made my spouse;
(XXIX.5): Till fancy frame your free consent,
(LXVI.5): With free consent to choose again:
(Res.10): With free consent to live in holy band.
(Res.12): When I had given my heart and free consent,
Munday Huntington (XII.133): With free consent of Hubert Lord York,
Proud
contempt
Anon. Ironside (I.1.21) CANT: and merely nothing but a proud contempt
Shakes John (II.1.88): Their proud contempt that beats His peace to
heaven
Nashe Absurdity: argueth a proud contempt of the magistrate's superiority.
The phrase is used in some (not Geneva) versions of the Biblical Psalms.
Quiet
... Peace
Shakes 1H6 (IV.1) K. Henry 6: Quiet yourselves, I Pray, and be at peace.
Rich2 (I.3) K. RICH: Might from our quiet confines fright fair peace.
Edw3 (V.1) K. EDW: That peaceful quietness brings most delight,
Shrew (V.2) PETRUCHIO: Marry, peace it bodes, and love and quiet life.
Othello (II.1) IAGO: And practicing upon his peace and quiet Even to madness.
Anon, Locrine (III.441) CORIN: Sometime in war, sometime in quiet peace,
(V.4.271) ATE: In quiet peace and sweet felicity;
Ironside (I.1.25) CANTERBURY: for peace, for quiet and utility,
Nobody (419-420) NOBODY: For he is only held peaceful and quiet
That quarrels, brawls and fights with Nobody.
Marlowe Edw2 (IV.2.58) KENT: For England's honor, peace, and quietness.
Drayton et al Oldcastle (PRO.4): The peaceful quiet of your settled
thoughts.
Bible 1 Chr 22.9... therefore his name is Solomon, and I will send
peace and quietness upon Israel in his days.; Isa.32.17 And the work of justice
shall be peace; even the work of justice and quietness and assurance for ever.;
Ecclus 47.13 Solomon reigned in a peaceable time, and was glorious: for God
made all quiet round about ...; 1 Tim.2.2 For Kings, and for all that are
in authority, that we may lead a quiet and a peaceable life in all godliness
and honesty.
Quiet
... State
Golding Ovid Met. (II.482): My lot (quoth he) hath had enough of this
unquiet state
Gascoigne et al Jocasta (I.1.460) CHORUS: What careful toil to quiet
state it brings,
(II.2) CHORUS: Of our estate that erst in quiet stood.
(IV.1.317) CREON: A quiet end of her unquiet state.
Watson Hek I (XCVI): live secure and quiet in estate,
Greene ? Selimus (21.13-14): CORCUT: But here no fear nor care is harbored
But a sweet calm of a most quiet state.
Anon. Ironside (I.1.28) CANUTUS: I plant you in your former quiet states.
Nashe Summers (1316) WINTER: But living loosely in a quiet state,
Legal terms: Stood/stand in question (for the
crown)
Anon. Ironside (I.1.49) EDRICUS: you ne'er had stood in question for
the crown
Munday Sir Thomas More, add D (30-31): stood in such a question
Foully
scandalized
Anon. Ironside (I.1.61) EDR: and for that fact rest foully scandalized.
Shakes 1H4 (I.3.154) WORC: Live scandalized and foully spoken of.
Feign
sickness
Golding Ovid Met (IX.902): The time, oft feigning sickness, oft pretending
she had seen
Holinshed Chronicles (709): earle Edricke feigned himself sick.
Anon. Ironside (I.1.64-65) EDR: Did not I, I pray, / feign sickness,
weakness, disadvantages
Shakes Cymb (III.2) IMO: Go bid my woman feign a sickness; ...
Right
my wrongs
Gascoigne et al Jocasta (II.1.588) POLY: Since from my right I am with
wrong deprived.
Anon. Woodstock (I.3.276) WOODSTOCK: Come, brother York, we soon shall
right all wrong,
Iron (I.1.99) COUNTRYMEN: Where is the king, that he may right our wrong?
Penelope (XXVI.2): Who would a widow stay so long, / And nature of her right
thus wrong?
Cromwell (II.3.37) MRS BANISTER: If God did ever right a woman's wrong,
Shakes Titus (II.3) TAMORA: Your mother's hand shall right your mother's
wrong.
(III.1) TITUS: And swear unto my soul to right your wrongs.
(V.2.4) TAMORA: To join with him and right his heinous wrongs.
Note: Titus first use (per Sams).
Note also several plays on words:
Disp. Greene's Groat (160-161): ... the threadbare brother here
who, willing to do no wrong, hath lost his child's right:
Chapman D'Olive (I.1.62-63) VAUMONT: The truth is, I have done your
known deserts
More wrong than with your right should let you greet me,
And in your absence, which makes worse the wrong,
(I.1.80) VAUMONT: That she should nothing wrong her husband's right,
(I.1.125-26) VANDOME: Virtue is not malicious; wrong done her
Is righted ever when men grant they err.
Spirit
... of my father
Golding Ovid Met. (XV.511): The bodies which perchance may have the
spirits of our brothers,
Anon. Woodstock (II.1.68-69) KING: examples such as these
will bring us to our Kingly grandsire's spirit.
Ironside (I.1.122) CANUTUS: for yet the spirit of my father Sveyn
Willobie (Gentle/Courteous): I commit you to the good government of God's
spirit.
Shakes AsYou (I.1.) ORLANDO: and the spirit of my father, which I
think is within me, begins to mutiny against this / servitude:
(I.1.73) ORLANDO: the spirit of my father grows strong in me.
Bible Matt. 10.20 ... but the spirit of your Father which speaketh
in you.
Legal
term: Break faith (Command ... rite; In common)
Brooke Romeus (2029): Have kept my faith unbroke, steadfast unto my
friend.
Golding Ovid Met. (VI.445): The water? Nature doth to all in common
water send.
(VII.1076): For breaking faith; and fretting at a vain surmised shame,
Gascoigne et al Jocasta (II.1.437) JOCASTA: Of friendly faith which
never can be broke.
Shakes LLL (I.1) BIRON: If I break faith, this word shall speak for
me;
(IV.3) FERDINAND: You would for paradise break faith, and troth;
Rich3 (IV.4) Q ELIZ ... If thou hadst fear'd to break an oath by Him,
... If thou hadst fear'd to break an oath by Him,
... Thy broken faith hath made a prey for worms.
Rich2 (III.2) RICHARD II: ... They break their faith to God as well as us:
Edw3 (II.1) WARWICK: That he hath broke his faith with God and man,
K. EDW.: (IV.4) Which if thyself without consent do break,
Thou art not charged with the breach of faith.
King John (II.1) BASTARD: ... That broker, that still breaks the pate of faith,
That daily break-vow, he that wins of all, ... / Since kings break faith upon
commodity,
2H4 (4.2) ARCHB OF YORK: Will you thus break your faith?
MND (II.1) OBERON: And make him with fair Aegle break his faith,
MV (V.1) ANT: My soul upon the forfeit, that your lord / Will never more break
faith advisedly.
T&C (V.3) HECTOR: I must not break my faith.
Pericles (I.2) PERICLES: I'll take thy word for faith, not ask thine oath:
Anon. Ironside (I.1.120): AYLWARD: Remember he hath often broke his
faith
Willobie (XXXVII.2): Your words command the lawless rite
Of Plato's laws that freedom gave, / That men and women for delight
Might both in common freely have; Yet God doth threaten cruel death
To them that break their wedlock faith.
(LIIII.2): And for their fancy broke their faith:
Falsely
bred
Anon. Ironside (I.1.158): degenerate bastard, falsely bred,
Lyly MB (II.3) MOTHER BOMBIE: Falsely bred, truly begot,
(V.3) SILENA: my mother bore me not: falsely bred, truly begot.
Flattering
... base, insinuating sycophant
Greene James IV (V.6.37) K. SCOTS: Ah, flattering brood of sycophants,
my foes!
Shakes IH6 (II.4.35): base insinuating flattery
Titus (IV.2.38): basely insinuate.
Anon. Woodstock (I.1.148) WOODSTOCK: Lulled and secured by flattering
sycophants;
(I.3.218) LANCASTER: Be thus outbraved by flattering sycophants?
Ironside (I.1.157) USKATAULF: Base, vild, insinuating sycophant,
(II.3.226) CANUTUS: Gross flattery, all-soothing sycophant,
Nobody: A major theme, based especially on the character named Sycophant,
who appears to be identified in several speeches as a composite of Sir Christopher
Hatton (Exchequer) and Lord Cobham (the Cinque Ports, see above).
Notable are speeches such as: (510-11) SOMEBODY: Those subtle sly insinuating
fellows
Whom Somebody hath sent into the country
(1639) QUEEN: You are welcome; what new flatteries
Are a coining in the mint of that smooth face?
Nashe Summers (472-280) SUMMER: My Lord, this saucy upstart Jack,
That now doth rule the chariot of the Sun, / And makes all stars derive their
light from him
Is a most base insinuating slave, / The son of parsimony and disdain,
One that will shine on friends and foes alike,
That under brightest smiles hideth black showers,
Whose envious breath doth dry up springs and lakes,
And burns the grass, that beasts can get no food.
Dunghill
... and Courtiers
Greene Alphonsus (V.3.64) AMU: Into the hands of such a dunghill Knight?
(V.3.70) ALPH: 'Villain,' sayest thou? 'Traitor' and 'dunghill Knight?'
Anon. Willobie (XII.1): Thou beggar's brat, thou dung-hill mate,
Thou clownish spawn, thou country gill,
My love is turned to wreakful hate, / Go hang, and keep thy credit still,
Gad where thou list, aright or wrong, / I hope to see thee beg, ere long.
Ironside (I.1.222-29) LEOFRIC: Oh what a grief is it to noble bloods to see
each base-born groom promoted up, each dunghill brat arreared to dignity,
(III.5.1-3) CANUTUS: A plague upon you all for arrant cowards! Look how a
dunghill cock, not rightly bred, doth come into the pit with greater grace,
Cromwell (I.2.68) CROM: And from the dunghill minions do advance
Weakest (XVI.158) BRABANT: Never begot but of some dunghill churl.
Harvey (1593): PierceÕs Supererogation: ... there is a cap of
maintenance, called Impudency: and what say to him, that in a super-abundance
of that same odd capricious humor, findeth no such want in England as of an
Aretine, that might strip these golden Asses out of their gay trappings, and
after he had ridden them to death with railing, leave them on the dung-hill
for carrion?
Shakes 1H6 (I.3): Shall I be flouted thus by dunghill grooms?
2H6 (I.3): Base dunghill villain and mechanical,
(IV.10): Unto a dunghill which shall be thy grave,
LLL (V.1): Go to; thou hast it ad dunghill, at the fingers'
O, I smell false Latin; dunghill for unguem.
KING JOHN: Out, dunghill! darest thou brave a nobleman?
MWW (I.3): Then did the sun on dunghill shine.
2H4 (V.3): Shall dunghill curs confront the Helicons?
H5 (IV.3): Dying like men, though buried in your dunghills,
AsYou (I.1): which his animals on his dunghills are as much
LEAR (III.7): Upon the dunghill. Regan, I bleed apace:
(IV.6): Out, dunghill!
Nashe Will Summers (449): How base is pride from his own dung-hill
put!
Chapman D'Olive (V.2.100) D'OLIVE: raked like old rags out of dunghills
by candlelight,
Cannot
speak but ... straight
Brooke Romeus (1904): But with unwonted boldness straight into these
words she brake.
Anon. Ironside (I.1.82-83) CAN: I cannot speak, but some or other straight
/ misconsters me.
(I.2.207) EGINA: I cannot speak but straight you say I scold.
Shakes T&C (V.2.101) CRESS: one cannot speak ... But it straight
starts you.
Fat of
this land
Anon. Woodstock (V.3.85) LANCASTER: the soil is fat for wines, not
fit for men,
Ironside (I.1.106) 1 COUNTRY: and dwelt among the fattest of this land.
Cromwell (IV.2.51-52) CROM: They neither plow, nor sow, and yet they reap
The fat of all the Land, and suck the poor:
Shakes 2H4 (IV.4.54) HENRY IV: Most subject is the fattest soil to
weeds; ...:
Bible Gen. 45.18 ... and ye shall eat of the fat of the land.
Necks
(stubborn)
Golding Ovid Met. (VII.279): And caused their unwieldy necks the bended
yoke to take.
Watson Hek(I): Cupid hath clapt a yoke upon my neck,
Lyly Campaspe (I.1.42-43) TIMOCLEA: We are here now captives, whose
necks are yoked by force but whose / hearts cannot yield by death.
Sapho (I.1.35-36): I will yoke the neck that never bowed, ...
Anon. Woodstock (I.1.55) LANC: Would not throw off their vild and servile
yoke
(II.1.512) KING: but time shall come, when we shall yoke their necks.
(II.1) TRESILIAN: and hath shook off the servile yoke of mean protectorship.
Ironside (I.1.108-09) 1 COUNTRY: We then did yoke the Saxons and compelled
their stubborn necks to ear the fallow fields.
(I.1.135-41) USKA: a generation like the chosen Jews: stubborn, unwieldy,
fierce and wild to tame, scorning to be compelled against their wills, abhorring
servitude as having felt the overloading burden of the same.
Leic. Gh. (179-180): As Numa, when he first did seek to draw / The Roman people
underneath his yoke,
Shakes 1H6 (II.3.63) yoketh your rebellious necks
Edward III (I.1.) KING EDW: Able to yoke their stubborn necks with steel
Bible Exodus 33.3-5: For the Lord had said unto Moses, Say unto the
children of Israel, Ye are a stiffnecked people, I will come up suddenly upon
thee, and consume thee: therefore now thy costly raiment from thee, that I
may know what to do unto thee. See also Deut. 31.27, 2 Chron. 36.13, Pss.
75.5, Jer. 17.23, Bar. 2.33
Wish
... against himself
Anon. Ironside (I.1.183) USKA: in wishing him so much against himself.
Shakes Cymb (V.4) 1 GAOL: I speak against my present profit,
but my wish hath a preferment in't.
Pacify
yourselves
Greene James IV (I.1.248) ATEUKIN: ...Tut; pacify your Grace.
Anon. Weakest (XIII.172) EPERNOUNE: Pacific yourselves, not one of
you
Ironside (I.1.126) CANUTUS: Go in, good friends, and pacify yourselves.
Shakes 2H4 (II.4.78) pacify yourselves
Edw3 (V.1) K. EDWARD: No more, Queen Philippa, pacify yourself.
Bridle
their wills
Gascoigne et al Jocasta (II.1.463) JOCASTA; Yet can not rule his own
/ unbridled will,
Anon. Ironside (I.1.142) EDR: Curb them, my lord, and bridle but their
wills
Nobody/Somebody (40) VIGENIUS: Bridle your spirit.
Willobie (LXIII.1): ... But blame the Hawk's unbridled will.
Shakes Errors (II.1.13) LUCIANA: O, know he is the bridle of your will
ADRIANA: There's none but asses will be bridled so.
Legal:
Witnesses of worth
Anon. Ironside (I.1.178) USKA: with many other witnesses of worth.
Shakes Titus (V.1) AARON: Well, let my deeds be witness of my worth.
Cold
water ... Coal ... Heat ... Quench
Edwards Dam&Pith (1458-59) EUBULUS: No prayer can move when kindled
is the ire;
The more ye quench, the more increased is the fire.
Anon. Ironside: (II.3.98-99) CAN: Look how cold water cast on burning
coals
doth make the fire more fervently to flame;
Willobie (XXXI.1): There is a coal that burns the more, / The more ye cast
cold water near,
Like humor feeds my secret sore, / Not quenched, but fed by cold despair:
...
Note: Canol coal found in many places of England.
Nymphaus locus Leonicus de varia Histor. fol. 28.
By the Ionian sea there is a place that burns continually,
and the more water is cast into it, the more it flames.
(XXXI.2): In grace they find a burning soil / That fumes in nature like the
same,
Cold water makes the butter broil, / The greater frost, the greater flame:
doth make the fire more fervently to flame;
Bible Song of Sol. 8.6-7 (6) ... the coals thereof are fiery coals,
& a vehement flame; (7) Much water cannot quench love, neither can the
floods drown it.
Water
... Quench ... Desire/Love
Brooke Romeus (210): That only death and both their bloods might quench
the fiery heat.
Lyly MB (III.4) RIXULA: You mean knavishly, and yet I hope foul water
will quench hot fire as soon as fair.
Love's Met. (II.1) NISA: If he were fire, the sea would quench those coals
or the flame turn him into cinders.
Shakes 3H6 (II.1.83-84): quench my furnace-burning heart
TGV (II.7.19-20): quench the fire of love with words
Rich2 (5.5.108): That hand shall burn in never-quenching fire.
(This corresponds to the Biblical passages in Mark.)
Anon. Ironside (I.1.201): and quench the burning choler of my heart,
Locrine (I.2.31) STRUMBO: the little sparkles of affection kindled in me
towards your sweet self hath now increased to a great
flame, and will ere it be long consume my poor heart,
except you, with the pleasant water of your secret
fountain, quench the furious heat of the same.
Willobie (XXIII.2): With water quench this hot desire.
Dodypoll (II.1) ALBER: Down with the battlements, pour water on! I burn, I
burn;
O give me leave to fly Out of these flames, these fires that compass me.
Bible Song of Sol. 8.6-7 (6) ... the coals thereof are fiery coals,
& a vehement flame; (7) Much water cannot quench love, neither can the
floods drown it.
Isa. 66.24 ... for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched,
& they shall be ...; similar phrasing in Mark 9.43-48.
Mirror
of majesty
Gascoigne et al Jocasta (Arg.): Fygure Creon is King, the type of Tyranny,
And Oedipus, mirror of misery.
(V.5.245-46) OEDIPUS: Dear citizens, behold your Lord and King A mirror for
Magistrates.
Anon Ironside (I.1.240) LEOFRIC: is rightly termed mirror of majesty.
Shakes Rich2 (IV.1) RICH: Let it command a mirror hither straight,
That it may show me what a face I have, / Since it is bankrupt of his majesty.
Close
... Secrets
Edwards Dam&Pith (251) STEPH: In close-secret wise still whispering
together.
Gascoigne et al Jocasta (III.1.220) CREON: To keep full close this
secret hidden grief.
Anon. Woodstock (IV.1) KING: but see ye carry it close and secretly,
Ironside (I.2.18) EDRICUS ... whisper close secrets in the giddy air;
be a newsmonger; feed the king with sooths;
Willobie (LIII.2): But closely lies in secret heart:
Bible Tob 12.7 It is good to keep close the secrets of a King; 12.11
I said it was good to keep close the secret of a King, ...
Legal
term: Pardon ... Embrace
Shakes 2H6 (IV.8): Who loves the king and will embrace his pardon
Anon. Ironside (I.3.32) TUR: or else embrace our pardons, which we
crave
Conspire
against ourselves
Anon. Ironside (I.3.43) we should conspire with them against ourselves!
Shakes Sonnet 10: That 'gainst thyself thou stick'st not to conspire.
Outward/Inward
Brooke Romeus (52): And each with outward friendly show doth hide his
inward hate,
(360): Yet with an outward show of joy she cloaked inward smart;
(1324): His outward dreary cheer bewrayd his store of inward smart.
(2315-16): That by her outward look no living wight could guess
Her inward woe, and yet anew renewed is her distress.
(2893-94): My conscience inwardly should more torment me thrice,
Than all the outward deadly pain that all you could devise.
Golding Abraham (648) SARA: Both outwardly and inwardly alway,
Lyly Gallathea (V.2) HAEBE: the content of your inward thoughts, the
pomp of your outward shows.
Endy (IV.1) COR: that uttering the extremities of their inward passions are
always suspected of outward perjuries.
(IV.3) TELLUS: I could not smother the inward fire but it must needs be perceived
by the outward smoke;
Sapho (Pro.): Our intent was at this time to move inward delight, not outward
lightness;
Shakes Rich3 (I.4) BRAK: An outward honour for an inward toil;
(3.1.10) Than of his outward show, ...
King John (I.1) BASTARD: Exterior form, outward accoutrement,
But from the inward motion to deliver
Pericles (II.2) SIM: The outward habit by the inward man.
A&C (III.13) ENO: A parcel of their fortunes; and things outward
Do draw the inward quality after them,
V&A (71): 'Had I no eyes but ears, my ears would love
That inward beauty and invisible;
Or were I deaf, thy outward parts would move ...
Lucrece (13): Whose inward ill no outward harm express'd:
(221) With outward honesty, but yet defiled / With inward vice: as Priam him
did cherish,
Sonnet (16): Neither in inward worth nor outward fair,
Sonnet (46): As thus; mine eye's due is thy outward part,
And my heart's right thy inward love of heart.
Anon. Ironside (I.3.45) EDM: thank not thy outward foe but inward friend;
Willobie: (XIV.3): Can heart from outward look rebel?
(LV.3): As you pretend in outward show / Where men no outward shows detect
Dodypoll (V.2): Of outward show doth sap the inward stock in substance and
of worth ...
L Gh. (364-65): To entertain all men (to outward show)
With inward love, for few my heart did know,
Bible 1 Sam. 16.7 For God seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on
the outward appearance, but the Lord beholdeth the heart. 2 Sam.Arg ... who
came of David according to the flesh, and was persecuted on every side with
outward and inward enemies ...
Blood
... Vital spirit/Life
Golding Ovid Met (II.1032): For want of blood and lively heat, to wax
both pale and wan.
(IV.297) And so a corse both void of blood and life thou didst remain.
(VII.186): And suddenly both void of blood and lively heat she sate
(X.527): Her color died; her blood and heart did clearly her forsake.
(XI.377): And as she strived for to speak, away went blood and life.
Gascoigne ... Jocasta (I.1.246) BAILO: With hideous cries betoken blood
and death:
Oxford letter (9/72): to admonish you as one with whom I would / spend
my blood and life,
Marlowe T1 (II.1.41) COSROE: And with my blood my life slides / through
my wound,
Shakes 12th (II.5.135) MAL: ... let thy blood and spirit embrace them;
Anon. Ironside (I.1.261) LEOF: We gave them life; for us they shed
their blood.
Locrine (I.1.126) CORIN: I hazarded my life and dearest blood, ...
(I.1.137) And for this gift, this life and dearest blood,
Dodypoll (II.1.129): Shall grow in me to blood and vital spirit, ...
Hands
... Hearts
Anon. Ironside (I.3.35) EDM: Give me your hands and with your hands
your hearts.
Shakes 3H6 (IV.6.38-400): Give me both your hands ... / and with your
hands your hearts.
Sheep
... Lost/Strayed ... Taint/Sin
Anon. Mucedorus (IV.2.21) MOUSE: ... to look out a shepherd & a
stray king's daughter: ...
Ironside (I.3.28-29) EDMUND: One sheep that was lost I more rejoice to find
than twenty other which I never missed. (This passage seems to derive from
the Apostles' parable.
(IV.1.24-25) EDM/letter from Edricus: I come again like to a strayed sheep
/ tainted, God wot, with naught but ignorance. (This passage conforms well
to Jeremiah.)
Shakes TGV (I.1) PRO: Indeed, a sheep doth very often stray,
An if the shepherd be a while away.
MV (IV.1) ANTONIO: I am a tainted wether of the flock, ...
Bible Jer.50.6 My people hath been as lost sheep: their shepherds have
caused them to go astray, and have turned them away to the mountains: they
have gone from mountain to hill, and forgotten their resting place. 50.7 All
that found them, have devoured them, and their enemies said, We offend not
because they have sinned against the Lord, the habitation of justice, ...
Similar references to lost sheep, but lacking the consciousness of sin and
taint are found in other passages, some Messianic: Pss.119.176, Matt.10.6,
Matt.15.24, Matt.18.11, Luke.15.6,
Partners
... Woes
Brooke Romeus (104): That he was fellow of his smart and partner of
his care.
(1245): Now choose to have me here a partner of your pain,
(1428): Or else to please thy hateful foes, be partner of their smart?
Golding Ovid Met. (XIV.28): I force no end. I would have her be partner
of my smart.
Watson Hek (LI): And wants not some Compartners of his grief:
Anon. Ironside (I.5.65) EDRICUS: we close our eyes as partners of your
woes,
(III.5.50) EDRICUS: we are all partners of your private griefs;
Nobody (1748) ELIDURE: Partner in all my sorrows and my joys;
Dodypoll (III.5) FLORES: The living partner of your strange mishaps,
Weakest (VII.124) ORIANA: But to have partners in their misery.
Shakes 1H6 (III.2) BEDFORD: And will be partner of your weal or woe.
JC (III.2) ANTONY: What private griefs than have, ...
Lucrece (113): So should I have co-partners in my pain;
And fellowship in woe doth woe assuage,
Scrupulous
... Stand upon ... Nice
Anon. Ironside (II.1.14-16) CAN: I' faith, my lord, you are too scrupulous,
too unadvised, too fearful without cause, / to stand upon such nice excuses.
Shakes 3H6 (II.7.58-61): stand you/stand upon ... nice ... scrupulous
Heaven
... Consent
Anon. Ironside (II.1.44) CAN: for by that name if heaven and thou consent,
Leic. Gh. (184): Whereby (as if it were by heaven's consent)
(758): But heaven did not consent to work his spoil
(1300): Inaugurate by heaven and earth's consent,
Shakes AWEW (II.1) HELENA: ... The help of heaven we count the act
of men.
Dear sir, to my endeavors give consent;
Of heaven, not me, make an experiment.
Spent/spend
... Breath
Marlowe Dido (V.1) AENEAS: In vain my love thou spendst thy fainting
breath,
Marprelate (#7): ... the more violence they use, the more breathe they
spend.
Anon. Ironside (II.1.70) CANUTUS: what I by some spent breath have
compassed.
Shakes Edw3 (I.1) PRINCE: Or in a rightful quarrel spend my breath.
Cymb (V.3) POST: On either side I come to spend my breath;
Ill-favored
Golding Ovid Met. (II.592): Her hands gan warp and into paws ill-favoredly
to grow,
(XIII.996): A foul ill-favored sight it is to see a leafless tree.
(XIV.110): Into an evil-favored kind of beast, that being none
(XV.418): But like an evil-favored lump of flesh alive doth lie.
Gascoigne Supposes (II.4) CLEANDER: An ill-favored name by my troth:
...
Anon. Ironside (II.2.8-10) STITCH: I / cannot brook an ill-favored
face, ...
(III.5.22) EDR: Fortune's ill-favored frown shows she will smile
Shakes MWW (I.1) SLENDER: ... they are very ill-favored / rough things.
Mount
a pitch (probably refers
to a hawking term meaning soars to a lofty height)
Anon. Ironside (II.2.17) EDRICUS: Whoso desires to mount a lofty pitch
Shakes Titus (II.1) AARON: And mount her pitch, whom / thou in triumph
long
Hast prisoner held, ... (only recorded transitive use of 'mount' (per Sams)
Logger-headed
Anon. Ironside (II.2.73) EDRICUS: such logger-headed rogues are best
for us;
Greene James IV (I.Pro.98) OBER: to loggerhead your son I give a wandering
/ life and promise
Shakes Shrew (IV.1) PET: You logger-headed and unpolish'd grooms!
R&J (IV.4) CAPULET: Thou shalt be logger-head. ...
Guiltless
shoulders
Shakes Rich3 (I.2) GLOU: Which laid their guilt upon my / guiltless
shoulders.
Anon. Ironside (II.3.17) CAN; and make their guiltless shoulders /
bear the burthen.
Sap/dead
root
Note: As Shakespeare so often compares the wise king to an attentive shepherd,
here he is compared to the prudent gardener. It is notable that in Edmund
Ironside, as in the following examples from Richard III, Richard II and King
Lear, treason and/or betrayal result from inappropriate husbandry.
Anon. Ironside (II.3.41-47) CAN: A traitor may be likened to a tree,
which being shred and topped when it is green, / doth for one twig which from
the same was cut
yield twenty arms, yea twenty arms for one, / but being hacked and mangled
with an axe,
the root dies and piecemeal rots away. / Even so with traitors. Cut me off
their heads,
Shakes Rich3 (II.2) Q ELIZ: To make an act of tragic violence:
Edward, my lord, your son, our king, is dead.
Why grow the branches now the root is wither'd? / Why wither not the leaves
the sap being gone?
Rich2 (III.4) GARD: They are; and Bolingbroke
Hath seized the wasteful king. O, what pity is it
That he had not so trimm'd and dress'd his land
As we this garden! We at time of year / Do wound the bark, the skin of our
fruit-trees,
Lest, being over-proud in sap and blood, / With too much riches it confound
itself:
Had he done so to great and growing men, / They might have lived to bear and
he to taste
Their fruits of duty: superfluous branches / We lop away, that bearing boughs
may live:
Had he done so, himself had borne the crown,
Which waste of idle hours hath quite thrown down.
Lear (IV.2) ALB: ... She that herself will sliver and disbranch
From her material sap, perforce must wither / And come to deadly use.
Lucrece (167): ... Ay me! the bark peel'd from the lofty pine,
His leaves will wither and his sap decay; / So must my soul, her bark being
peel'd away.
Bible John 15.4-6 The branch cannot bear fruit of itself,except it
abide in the vine ...He is cast forth as a branch, and withereth.
Ignominy
... Vild
Marlowe T2 (V.1) ORCANES: To vile and ignominious servitude.
Anon. Ironside (II.3.66-67) CAN: rather let us die / than we should
suffer this vild ignominy.
Bible Prov. 18.3, Isa 34.13 (KJ).
Legal
term: Judgment ... Execution
Anon. Ironside (II.3.107-08) CANUTUS but you shall see our judgments
straight performed. / Do execution on them presently!
(II.3.125-26) 1 PLEDGE: Give me the axe, I'll quickly execute
this direful judgment on my guiltless hands.
Shakes MM (II.2) PROVOST: ... Under your good correction, I have seen,
When, after execution, judgment hath / Repented o'er his doom
Bible Exod. 12.12; Num. 33.4; Deut. 10.18, 33.21; 2 Sam 8.15; 1 Kings
6.12; 1Chron. 18.14; 2 Chron. 24.24; Ezra 7.1; Pss. , 99.4, 103.6, 119.84,
146.7, 149.9; Isa 16.3; Jer 5.1, 7.5, 21.12, 22.3, 23.5, 33.15; Ezek 5.8.10,15,
11.9,12, 16.41, 18.8,18.17, 30.14,19, 45.9; Micah 7.9; Zech. 7.9, 8.16; Wis.
9.13; Ecclus. 20.4, 35.17; 1 Mac 6.22; John 5.27; Jude 1.15.
A connection between the dramatic texts and Biblical passages is tenuous at
best.
Sins
of the Father
Gascoigne et al Jocasta (II.2.106-108) ETEOCLES: As for my father,
care I not; for if
So chance I die, it may full well be said / His bitter curses brought me to
my bane.
Kyd Cornelia (I.1.166-69) CHORUS: ' The wrath of heaven (though urg'd)
we see is slow
' In punishing the evils we have done: / ' For what the Father hath deserv'd,
we know,
' Is spared in him, and punisht in the sonne.
Anon. Ironside (II.3.114) CANUTE: for you must suffer for your fathers'
crime.
Bible Ex 34.7; Numb 32.14; Deut 24.16; 1Kings 14.22; 15.26; 2Kings
3.2, 14.6, 15.9, 21.15; 2 Chron 25.4; Ezra 9.7; Neh 1.6, 9.2, 32; Pss 106.6,
109.14; Isa 43.27; Jer 3.25, 14.20; Lam 5.7; Ezek 18.14; Dan 9.8, 16; Hos.
9.10); 1 Esdr 6.15, 8.76, 77; Tob 3.3, 5; Jdt 7.28, Ecclus 3.3, 14; Bar 2.33.
God's
Judgment/Vengeance
Brooke Romeus (2121-22): Now ought I from henceforth more deeply print
in mind
The judgment of the lord ...
(2854): T'appear before the judgment-seat of everlasting power,
Gascoigne Supposes (VIII) PHILO: you should have feared the vengeance
of God
the supreme judge (which knoweth the secrets of all hearts)
Golding Abraham (676-78) ABRAHAM: Is it right
That I so sinful and so wretched wight, / Should fall to scanning of the judgments
Kyd Sp Tr (III.12.986-7-87) HIER: God hath engross'd all justice in
his hands,
And there is none but what comes from him.
(III.13.2-3) HIER: Aye, heavn'n will be reveng'd of every ill;
Nor will they suffer murder unrepaid.
Shakes Rich3 (I.4.199-200): Take heed; for he holds vengeance
in his hand, / To hurl upon their heads that break his law.
Merchant (IV.1.206): My deeds upon my head!
R&J (V.3.62): Put not another sin upon my head.
Anon. Ironside (II.3.135) 1 PLEDGE: Let these my stumps crave / vengeance
at thy hands,
thou judge of judges and thou king of kings!
Woodstock (I.1.28) YORK: high heaven be judge, we wish all good to him.
Willobie (To the Reader): Cry to the Lord for vengeance against us,
that tremble not at the remembrance of God's judgments
(V.3): What sin is that, which vengeance crave
(LVIII.1): With vengeance due, the sinful deeds?
(LXIII.1): And when I change let vengeance fall.
Cromwell (V.3.39) CROMWELL: O let my soul in Judgment answer it:
L Gh (2160-61): Yet though my sins pass number as the sand,
O mortal men, to Him the judgment leave
Yorkshire (IX) KNIGHT: Well, I do not think, but in tomorrow's judgment,
The terror will sit closer to your soul,
Disp. Greene's Groat (195-96): ... leaving him that hath left the world
to him
that censureth of every worldly man, ...
(767-770): ... God warneth men by dreams and visions in the night
and by known examples in the day, but if he return not,
He comes upon him with judgment that shall be felt.
Bible Ps. 140.10 Let coals fall upon them: let him cast them into the
fire, & into the deep pits, that they rise not. Ps. 7.16 His mischief
shall return upon his own head.
Rom. 12.19 Vengeance is mine, 13.4 to take vengeance on him that doeth evil.
Deut. 32.35 Vengeance and recompense are mine: ...
Tongues
... Filed/Smooth
Brooke Romeus (1017): Whether thy sugared talk, and tongue so smoothly
filed,
Gascoigne Jocasta (II.1.256) CHORUS: Yet thou O queen, so file thy
/ sugared tongue,
Edwards Dam&Pith (1726): ... the plague of this court! / Thy filed
tongue that forged lies
Lyly Campaspe (IV.2.31) CAMP: Whet their tongues on their hearts.
Sapho (II.4.105) SYB: whose filed tongue made those enamored that sought to
have him enchanted.
Greene James IV (I.1.236) ATEU: But princes rather trust a smoothing
tongue
Selimus (3.4) SELIMUS: And feigned plaints his subtle tongue doth file
T'entrap the silly wand'ring traveler
Shakes LLL (V.1) HOLO: ... discourse peremptory, his tongue filed,
...
Lear (I.4.288): How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is.
Pass Pilgrim 19 (2): Smooth not thy tongue with filed talk, ...
Nashe Will Summers (1366): Smooth-tongue Orators, the fourth in place
Anon. Willobie (I.10): A filed tongue which none mislikes.
Ironside (II.3.149-50) CAN: Sirs, temper well your tongues and be advised
if not, I'll cut them shorter by an inch.
(V.2.162) CAN: Edmund, Report shall never whet her tongue / upon Canutus to
eternize thee.
Bible Ps. 140.3 They have sharpened their tongues like a serpent: adder's
poison is under their lips.
Trust
... Princes
Anon. Ironside (II.3.157-58): 1 PLEDGE: We go thy cruel butchery to
ring.
Oh England, never trust a foreign king.
Shakes King John (3.1.7-8) I trust I may not trust thee, for thy word
Is but the vain breath of a common man.
H8 (3.2.366-67) O how wretched / Is that poor man that hangs on princes' favors!
Bible Ps. 146.3: Put not your trust in princes ...; also Ps. 118.9
Blot
... Shame ... Dishonor ... Erase
Golding Ovid Met. (Pref.30): That all their Gods with whoredom, theft,
or murder blotted be.
(VII.199): Of staining of thine honor had not stayed thee in that stead.
(XIII.599): Forbear to touch me. So my blood unstained in his sight
Gascoigne et al Jocasta (I.1.131) SERVUS: How could it be, that
knowing he had done / So foul a blot, he would remain alive?
(I.1.156) JOCASTA: With other's blood might stain his guilty hands,
Supposes (III) DAMON: My daughter is deflowered, and I utterly dishonested:
how can I then wipe that blot off my brow?
Kyd Sp Tr (I.1.233-) His colors seized, a blot unto his name;
Shakes Rich2 (I.3.202): My name be blotted from the book of life.
Edw3 (I.1) K. EDW: Such as dread nothing but dishonor's blot.
(II.1) COUNTESS: Hath he no means to stain my honest blood
Anon. Locrine (V.1.61-72) [V.1.61]THRAS: If princes stain their glorious
dignity
With ugly spots of monstrous infamy,
Mucedorus (Pro.10): From blemished Traitors, stained with Perjury:
Woodstock (I.1.190) WOODSTOCK: And shun those stains that blurs his majesty.
Weakest (XIV.20-21) DYANA: Without impeachment of our honest fame,
Debarring wicked lust to blot the same.
(XVI.169-70) EPERNOUNE: Oh wherefore stain you virtue and renown
With such foul terms of ignominy and shame?
Willobie (II.4): Repel the shame that fears a blot
(XLII.8): Then raze me out, and blot my name. (Rev. 3.5)
Ironside (II.3.175: to raze out this dishonorable blot
(this language parallel is almost identical to Willobie, above).
L Gh. (64): My fame is blotted out, my honor scarred,
(1336-67): Can this injurious world so quickly blot / A name so great out
of records of fame?
Yorkshire 1 GENT: Still do these loathsome thoughts jar on your tongue?
Yourself to stain the honor of your wife,
KNIGHT: ... From such an honored stock and fair descent,
Till this black minute without stain or blemish.
KNIGHT: The desolation of his house, the blot / Upon his predecessors' honored
name!
Bible Ex. 32.32-33; Num. 5.23; Ps. 69.28; Rev. 3.5.
Book
of life
Anon. Ironside (II.3.176) CANUTUS: out of the brass-leaved book of
living fame?
(III.4.6-7) EDM: whose valors echo through the mouth of fame
and writes you worthies in the book of life
Shakes Rich2 (1.3.203, 4.1.274-75) The very book indeed / Where all
my sins are writ.
Bible Rev. 3.5; 20.12, 15; 21.27; also in Rev. 17.8; Phil. 4.3
Stone
... Roll
Most of the examples below refer to the classical/pagan rolling stone of Fortune/Fate,
or to the mythological punishment of Sisyphus.
Golding Ovid Met. (IV.569-70): There also labored Sisyphus that drave
against the hill
A rolling stone that from the top came tumbling downward still.
(X.48-49): ... and down sat Sisyphus upon / His rolling stone.
Oxford poem (#XVII If care or skill ...): My hapless hap doth roll
the restless stone.
Watson Hek (LXII): [Comment] Sisyphus rolleth a great round stone up
a steep hill, which being once at the top presently falleth down amain.
[Verse] By fear, like Sisyphus I labor still
To turle a rolling stone against the hill,
Kyd Sp Tr (I.1.316-18)VICEROY: What help can be expected at her hands,
Whose foot is standing on a rolling stone / and mind more mutable than fickle
winds?
(IV.1.528-29) GHOST: Let Serberine go roll the fatal stone, / And take from
Sisyphus his endless moan;
Greene Orl Fur (II.2.71) ORLANDO: The rolling stone, the tubs of the
Belides --
Shakes H5 (III.6) PISTOL: Bardolph, a soldier, firm and sound of heart,
And of buxom valor, hath, by cruel fate, / And giddy Fortune's furious fickle
wheel,
That goddess blind, / That stands upon the rolling restless stone--
H8 (V.3) SUFF: ... When ye first put this dangerous stone a-rolling, / 'Twould
fall upon ourselves.
Anon. Locrine (III.2.50) HUBBA: Or roll the stone with wretched Sisiphos.
Ironside (II.3.197-99) EDRICUS: ... for else in time you might dismount the
queen
and throw her headlong from her rolling stone / and take her whirling wheel
into your hand.
(III.5.24-25) CANUTUS: What tell'st thou me of Fortune and her frowns,
of her sour visage and her rolling stone?
Willobie (LVI.2): To roll the stone that turns again.
(LVII.3): And shall I roll the restless stone?
Spotless
... Name
Brooke Romeus (109): Thy tears, thy wretched life, ne thine unspotted
truth,
(1663): So shall no slander's blot thy spotless life destain,
Golding Ovid (XIV.750-51): ... Hail, lady mine, the flower
Unspotted of pure maidenhood in all the world this hour.
Gascoigne et al Jocasta (I.1.451-52) BAILO: The voice that goeth of
your unspotted fame,
Lyly Endymion (I.4) TELLUS: ... seeing my love to Endymion (unspotted)
cannot be accepted, his truth to Cynthia (though it be unspeakable) may be
suspected.
Shakes Rich2 (I.1) MOW: The purest treasure mortal times afford / Is
spotless reputation: ...
WT (II.1) First Lord: Please you to accept it, that the queen is spotless
Othello (III.3.155) Good name ... / Is the immediate jewel.
I' the eyes of heaven and to you; I mean, / In this which you accuse her.
H8 (III.2) WOLSEY: So much fairer / And spotless shall mine innocence arise,
...
TNK (III.6.196) EMILIA: By your own spotless honor?
Anon. Ironside (II.3.775) EDRICUS: But as for this flea-spot of dishonor,
(IV.1.1282) EDMUND: that you were doubtful of my spotless truth
Willobie (gentle/courteous ...): The glory and praise that commends a spotless
life
... she stands unspotted and unconquered
Abel Emet (commendation of ... ): The glory of your Princely sex, the spotless
name:
(I.4): Afflicted Susan's spotless thought;
(I.24): And yet she holds a spotless fame.
(XXXV.5): With spotless fame that I have held, (LIV.2): A spotless name is
more to me,
Penelope (XIII.3): Shall hateful slander spot my name?
Munday Huntington (XI.67-68) ROBIN: Why? She is called Maid Marian,
honest friend,
Because she lives a spotless maiden life,
Similar Uses: Lyly Woman/Moon; Kyd Sp Tr; Chapman D'Olive
Bible Ecclus 41.12 Have regard to thy name; for that shall continue
with thee above a thousand treasures of gold. Prov. 22.1 A good name is to
be chosen above great riches .... 1 Peter 1.19 But as the precious blood of
Christ, as of a lamb, / undefiled and without spot .
True
... Truth ... Color
Anon. Ironside (II.3.233-36) EDRICUS: It stands not with my zeal and
plighted faith
otherwise to say than as your highness saith: / your grace is able to give
all their due
to make truth lie and likewise make lies true.
CAN: I would it lay in me to make thee true, / but who can change the Ethiopian's
hue?
(III.5.160) EDR: Truth needs no colors.
Shakes 1 Henry VI (5.1.72-80) To face the garment of rebellion
With some fine color that may please the eye. ...
And never yet did insurrection want / Such water-colors to impaint his cause.
Crakes/croaks
like a craven
Lyly Sapho (III.3.58-59) EUGENUA: I mistrust her not, for that the
owl hath not shrieked
at the window or the night raven croaked, both being fatal.
Anon. Ironside (III.5.8): crakes like a craven and bewrays himself;
Shakes Shrew (II.1) KATH: No cock of mine; you crow too like a craven.
Bible Matt 26.34... before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice;
Matt.26. 75; Mark 14.30, 72, Luke 22.34, 61, John 13.38.
Cloudy
brow
Marlowe T2 (II.4.7) TAMB: He binds his temples with a frowning cloud,
Shakes 2H6 (III.1) GLOUC: And Suffolk's cloudy brow his stormy hate;
Anon. Ironside (III.5.18) EDRI: and change the countenance of her cloudy
brow.
Cloudy
look
Marlowe T2 (I.3.4) TAMB: Whose cheerful looks do clear the cloudy air
Anon. Ironside (III.5.60): EDRICUS: with th' least encounter of a cloudy
look,
Shakes PassPil (19): Her cloudy looks will calm ere night:
Chapman D'Olive (V.2.25) VANDOME: Sister, cloud not your forehead;
Puff
... Words
Anon. Ironside (III.1.29-30) Stay, York, and hear me speak. Thy puffy
words,
thy windy threats, thy railing curses, light
Shakes 2H4 (V.3) SILENCE: By'r lady, I think a' be, but goodman / Puff
of Barson.
PISTOL: Puff! / Puff in thy teeth, most recreant coward base! ...
Corio (II.1) BRUTUS: ... In earnestness to see him: seld-shown flamens
Do press among the popular throngs and puff / To win a vulgar station: ...
(III.2) CORIOLANUS: Let them puff all about mine ears, ...
Bible 1 Cor 4.19 ... not the speech of them which are puffed up, but
the power ...
Hot coals,
hot vengeance ... upon [my] head
Golding Ovid Met (I.266-67): ... I overthrew
The house with just revenging fire upon the owner's head,
Edwards Dam&Pith (1768): From heaven to send down thy hot consuming
fire
To destroy the workers of wrong, which provoke thy just ire?
Anon. Ironside (III.1.38) YORK: So heapest thou coal of fire upon my
head
Kyd Sol&Per (II.1.114) ERASTUS: Which if I do, all vengeance light
on me.
Marlowe T2 (IV.1.) JERUSALEM: ... heaven, filled with the meteors
Of blood and fire ..., / Will pour down blood and fire on thy head:
(V.1) TAMB: Where men report, thou sitt'st by God himself,
Or vengeance on the head of Tamburlaine,
Edw2 (IV.5.16) KENT: Rain showers of vengeance on my cursed head,
Shakes: 2H 6 (5.2.36): Hot coals of vengeance!
Rich2 (I.2.8): Will rain hot vengeance on offenders' heads.
Anon. Locrine (I.1.164-165) BRUTUS: Or let the ruddy lightning of great
Jove
Descend upon this my devoted head.
(IV.1.174-75) CORINEIUS: But if thou violate those promises,
Blood and revenge shall light upon thy head.
(V.1.) THRASIMACHUS: If there be gods in heaven, ...
They will revenge this thy notorious wrong,
And power their plagues upon thy cursed head.
Arden (I.1.336) MOSBY: Hell-fire and wrathful vengeance light on me
If I dishonor her or injure thee.
Ironside (849): YORK: So heapest thou coal of fire upon my head
Willobie (XXXVII.4): What bosom bears hot burning coals.
Cromwell (II.3) MISTRESS BAN: To that same God I bend and bow my heart,
To let his heavy wrath fall on thy head,
(III.1) CROMWELL: All good that God doth send light on your head;
Bible "vengeance fall" invokes Pss. 7.16 His mischief shall
return upon his own head, and his cruelty shall fall upon his own page. Ps.
140.10 Let coals fall upon them: let him cast them into the fire, & into
the deep pits, that they rise not.
Pelt
... Pate
Shakes 1H6 (III.1) MAYOR: Do pelt so fast at one another's pate ...
Anon. Ironside (III.1.43) CANT: longs to be pelting that old hoary
pate.
Home-bred
countrymen
Shakes 3H6 (IV.1) MONT: Would more have strengthen'd this our commonwealth
'Gainst foreign storms than any home-bred marriage.
Rich2 (I.3) RICH: This louring tempest of your home-bred hate;
V&A (126): A mischief worse than civil home-bred strife,
Anon. Ironside (III.5.48) CAN: whenas my home-bred countrymen do run,
Tongues
... Sugared
Brooke Romeus (1017): Whether thy sugared talk, and tongue so smoothly
filed,
Gascoigne et al Jocasta (II.1.256) CHORUS: Yet thou O queen, so file
/ thy sugared tongue,
Watson Hek (XCIII): I curse the sugar'd speech and Siren's song,
Shakes Rich2 (II.3) NORTH: And yet your fair discourse hath / been
as sugar,
Oth (I.3) BRABANT: That, to pay grief, must of poor patience borrow.
These sentences, to sugar, or to gall,
Anon. Ironside (III.5.148) EDR: for sugar'd lines and phrases past
compare.
Nashe Summers (1419) WINTER: Poison wrapped up in sugared words,
Speed
(be thy speed)
Peele Old Wives (136) 1 BROTHER: Now, father, God be your speed! What
do you
Anon Weakest (II.23) BUNCH: Christ his cross be his good speed, Christ
his foes to quell,
Ironside (III.6.28) ROGER: Good manners be your speed.
Nobody (1066-67) LADY: A distaff and a spindle, so indeed! / I told you this!
Diana be my speed
Shakes TGV (III.1) LAUNCE: Saint Nicholas be thy speed.
Smooth-faced
Golding Ovid Met. (VIII.570): Ne let that fair smooth face of thine
beguile thee, ...
Lyly Love's Met. (I.2) ERIS: It is not your fair faces as smooth as
jets ...
Shakes Rich3 (V.5) RICHMOND: Enrich the time to come with smooth-faced
peace,
John (II.1) BASTARD: That smooth-faced gentleman, tickling Commodity,
LLL (V.2) KATHERINE: I'll mark no words that smooth-faced wooers say:
Anon. Woodstock (IV.1) BUSH: we have left that smooth-faced flattering
Greene ...
Ironside (IV.1.101) EDMUND: ... not to believe that smooth-face forged tale.
Troub. Raigne K. John (XI.42): A smooth-facte Nunne is all the Abbots wealth.
Nobody (1640) QUEEN: Are coining in the mint of that smooth face?
Leic. Gh. (889): With my fair words and smooth-faced flattering.
Nashe Summers (1850-51): And, Winter, with thy writhen frosty face,
Smooth up thy visage, when thou look'st on her;
God sees/directs
everything ... Sparrow
Brooke Romeus (2187-88): Then go (quoth he), my child, I pray that
God on high
Direct thy foot and by thy hand upon the way thee gye [guide]:
(2872-73): But at all times men have the choice of doing good or bad;
Even as the sprite of God the hearts of men doth guide,
Gascoigne ... Jocasta (III.2.84) MENECEUS: But God it seeth that every
secret seeth
(III.2.164): Who thinks that Jove the maker of us all,
And he that tempers all in heaven on high, The sun, the moon, the stars celestial,
So that no leaf without his leave can fall, / Hath not in him omnipotence
also
To guide and govern all things here below?
Supposes (II.8) PHILOGANO: you should have feared the vengeance of God the
supreme judge (which knoweth the secrets of all hearts)
Greene James IV (II.I.28-29) IDA: God with a beck can change each worldly
thing,
The poor to rich, the beggar to the king. / [II.1.30]
(III.3.68) SIR BARTRAM: God will conduct your steps and shield the right.
Anon. Ironside (V.1.12): ULF: Surely, my lord, you are highly favored
of God, who sees each human action, ...
Cromwell (I.3) FRISKIBALL: For God doth know what to myself may fall.
Leic. Gh (204-06) For though he may delude the people's sight,
It is in vain before God to dissemble, / Whose power the devils know, and
knowing, tremble.
Shakes AsYou (2.3.43-44) ADAM: He that doth the ravens feed,
Yea, providently caters for the sparrow, ...
Hamlet (V.2) HAMLET: Not a whit, we defy augury: there's a special
providence in the fall of a sparrow.
Bible Matt. 10.29 Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing, and one
of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father? Luke 12.6: Are not
five sparrows bought for two fardings, ...
Maws,
greedy
Golding Ovid Met. (III.81): And pierced to his filthy maw and greedy
/ guts within.
Anon. Ironside (IV.2.18) ALFRED: whose greedy maws devours the / Saxons'
blood ...
Shakes Timon (III.4) FLAVIUS: And take down the interest into their
/ gluttonous maws
Edw3 (III.1) MARINER: To satisfy his hungry griping maw.
Repent
... Late/too late
Brooke Romeus (1138): And I that now too late my former fault repent,
(2582): To sell the thing whose sale ere long, too late he doth repent.
Oxford letter (1-3-76, to Lord Burghley): Wherefore for things passed
amiss to repent them it is to late, to help them, which I cannot but ease
them that I am determined to hope for anything I do not, but if anything do
happen preter spem
Golding Ovid Met. (Ep.73): Repentance when it is too late that all
redress is past.
(Ep.92): For fear that men too late to just repentance should be driven.
(Ep.180): Repentance when it is too late for thinking things amiss.
(II.770): Than all too late, alas too late gan Phebus to repent
Gascoigne et al Jocasta (V.Ep.28) Who climbs too soon, he oft repents
too late.
Lyly Gallathea (III.1) EUROTA: Tush Ramia, 'tis too late to recall
it, to repent it a shame.
Anon. Ironside (III.2.34-35) HERALD: I fear your wills will put your
wits to pain
and you repent it when it is too late.
Weakest (I.65): MERCURY: And with repentant thoughts for what is past,
Arden (V.5.18-19 ALICE: But now I find it, and repent too late.
Willobie (IV.1): Then to repent will be too late
(XII.6): I was thy friend, but now thy foe, / Thou hadst my heart, but now
my hate
Refusing wealth, God send thee woe, / Repentance now will come too late.
(XXX.5): Fond women oft repent too late.
Shakes Lear (I.4): Woe, that too late repents,--
Pass.Pil. (19): And then too late she will repent
Bible A number of verses combine the thought of repentance and time
passing, including: Luke 10.13; Acts 3.10, 17.30; Eph. 5.15-16; and Rev. 2.5,
2.16.
Rev.2.21 And I have her space to repent of her fornication, and she repented
not.
Stomach
... proud, high
Anon. Ironside (III.2.39) HERALD: Their answer, good my lord, is negative,
full of haughty courage and disdainful pride.
This little peace hath brought their stomachs up,
Willobie (LXIII.1): Will not your lofty stomach stoop?
Weakest (I.19-20) KING: Anjou be pacified, and Bullen leave
To feed thy swelling stomach with contempt.
Shakes T&C (II.1) ACH: ... That Hector, by the fifth hour of the
sun,
Will ... To-morrow morning call some knight to arms
That hath a stomach; and such a one that dare / Maintain -- I know not what...
(III.3) PATROCLUS: I stand condemn'd for this; / They think my little stomach
to the war
(IV.5) AJAX: You may have every day enough of Hector / If you have stomach;
H8 (IV.2) KATH: ... Of an unbounded stomach, ever ranking / Himself with princes
Fortress
... Rock ... Bulwark
Shakes 1H6 (II.1.26-27) God is our fortress, in whose conquering name
Let us resolve to scale their flinty bulwarks. H8 (3.2.197) As doth a rock
against the chiding flood.
Anon. Ironside (III.4.1-2) EDM: Praised be the eternal bulwark of this
land,
The fortress of my crown, in Whom I trust,
Willobie (IV.2): You sprang belike from Noble stock, / That stand so much
upon your fame,
You hope to stay upon the rock, / That will preserve a faultless name,
Bible (2 Sam. 22-3) The Lord is my rock and my fortress, and he that
delivereth me. God is my strength ... my high tower and my refuge. Matt. 7-24-25
Hath builded his house on a rock ...
Men ...
Big-boned
Kyd Sol&Per (I.2.59) ERAS: The sudden Frenchman, and the big-boned
Dane,
Greene (attrib) Selimus (I.50) BAJAZET: Of big-boned Tartars, in a
hapless hour ...
Anon. Ironside (III.5.1047) CAN: ... even so my big-boned Danes, /
addressed to fight,
Shakes Titus (IV.3) TITUS: No big-boned men framed of the Cyclops'
size;
Nashe Penniless: Danes: who stand so much upon their unwieldy burly-boned
soldiery,
where this big-boned Gentleman should pass
Saffron Waldon: (being a lusty big-boned fellow, & a Golias or behemoth
...)
a great big-boned thresher
Brinish
Tears
Marlowe T2 (IV.2.9): OLYMPIA: And since this earth, dewed with thy
brinish tears,
Greene Alphonsus (V.3.88) FAUSTA: If that the salt-brine tears ...
(inexact)
? Selimus (14.105) AGA: Or rain a brinish show'r of pearled tears,
Anon. Ironside (III.5.65) EDRICUS: and all our force lies drowned in
brinish tears
Shakes 3H6 (III.1) HENRY VI: To hear and see her plaints, her brinish
tears.
Lucrece (174): And wiped the brinish pearl from her bright eyes,
Alls
well ... Ends well ... Crown
Kyd Sp Tr (II.6.448) REVENGE: The end is crown of every work well done.
Shakes 2H6 (V.2) CLIFFORD: #La fin couronne les oeuvres.
2H4 (II.2.47): Let the end try the man.
AWEW (IV.4): AllÕs well that ends well. Still the fineÕs the
crown.
WhatÕer the course, the end is the renown.
(V.3334-35): All yet seems well; and if it end so meet, / The bitter past,
more welcome is the sweet.
(V.3.337): All is well ended if this suit be won ...
T&C (IV.5): The end crowns all
Anon. Woodstock (IV.3) WOODSTOCK: and bloody acts, I fear, must crown
the end.
Ironside (III.5.75) EDR: Praise the event, my lord: the end is all.
Greene Geo a Greene (III.2.44) GEORGE: Nay the end tries all; but so
it will fall out.
Disp. Greene's Groat: Acta Exitus probat: The end tests/proves the
deeds (all).
Lyly MB (III.4) MOTHER B: All shall end well, and you be found cozeners.
Oxford letter (Jan, 1602, to Sir Robert Cecil): #Finis coronat opus
('The end crowns the workÓ).
Bible Ecclus. 11.27: In a man's end, his works are discovered. Job
34.36.
Tilley proverb E116: The end crowns all.
Fire
from heaven
Edwards. Dam&Pith (567-69) STEPH: Seest thou this unjustice, and
wilt thou stay any longer
From heaven to send down thy hot consuming fire
To destroy the workers of wrong, which provoke thy just ire?
Anon. Ironside (III.5.135) EDR: Fetch fire from heaven and mix it with
thy ink,
Shakes Lear (V.3) LEAR: He that parts us shall bring a brand from heaven,
And fire us hence like foxes.
PPT (II.4) HELICANUS: A fire from heaven came and shrivell'd up / Their bodies,
...
Bible Gen 19.24; Ex 9.23, Rev. 20.9; 2 Kings 1.10, 12, 14; 2 Kings
2.11; 1 Chr 21.26; 2 Chr 7.1; Job 1.16, Pss 18.12, 13; Ecclus 48.3, 2 Mac
2.10; Luke 9.54, Luke 17.29; 2Pet 3.12; Rev. 13.13.
However, Shaheen identifies the Lear quotation with Judges 15.4-5: Samson
... took three hundred foxes, and took firebrands, and turned them tail to
tail, and put a firebrand in the middes between two tails. And when he had
set the brands on fire, he sent them out into the standing corn. The Lear
passage seems to be a mixture of Biblical images.
Knight
... Carpet, Trencher
Golding Ovid Met. (XII.673): Was by that coward carpet knight bereaved
of his lyfe, ...
(XIII.123): Of Rhesus, dastard Dolon, and the coward carpetknyght
Edwards Dam&Pith (46) Aristippus: The king feeds you often from
his own trencher.
Anon Fam. Vic. (844-45)ARCH: Meaning that you are more fitter for a
tennis court
Than a field, and more fitter for a carpet then the camp.
Mucedorus (Epi.): And weighting with a Trencher at his back,
Ironside (III.6.5): ye trencher-scraping cutters, ye cloak-bag carriers, ye
sword and buckler carriers,
Penelope (XXX.3): These trencher flies me tempt each day,
(XXXV.5): Than taking down such trencher-knights.
Shakes 2H6 (IV.1) SUFFOLK: Obscure and lowly swain, ...
Fed from my trencher, kneel'd down at the board.
TGV(IV.4) LAUNCE: ... and I came no sooner into the dining-chamber but he
steps me to her trencher and steals her capon's leg:
LLL (V.2) BIRON: ... Some carry-tale, some please-man, some slight zany,
Some mumble-news, some trencher-knight, some Dick, / That smiles his cheek
in years ...
... Holding a trencher, jesting merrily?
Much Ado (V.2) BENEDICK: ... Troilus the first employer of panders, and /
a whole bookful of
these quondam carpet-mongers, ...
12th (III.4) TOBY: He is knight, dubbed with unhatched rapier and on carpet
consideration; ...
Tempest (II.2) CALIBAN: ... Nor scrape trencher, nor wash dish ...
R&J (I.5) First Servant: Where's Potpan, ... He / shift a trencher? he
scrape a trencher!
Timon (I.1) Old Athenian: And my estate deserves an heir more raised
Than one which holds a trencher.
(III.6) TIMON: ... You fools of fortune, trencher-friends, time's flies, ...
A&C (III.13) ANTONY: I found you as a morsel cold upon
Dead Caesar's trencher; nay, you were a fragment / Of Cneius Pompey's; ...
Corio (IV.5) CORIO: Ay; 'tis an honester service than to meddle with thy mistress.
Thou pratest, and pratest; serve with thy trencher, hence!
Nashe Summers (793): take / not up your standings in a nut-tree, when
you should be waiting on my Lord's trencher.
Munday Huntington (XIII.246) LEICESTER: This carpet knight sits carping
at our scars, ...
Death
... Woe
Gascoigne Jocasta (II.1.441) JOCASTA: By wrathful woe, or else by cruel
death.
Anon. Locrine (IV.1.71) ESTRILD: To end their lives, and with their
lives their woes!
(V.2.30) GWENDOLINE: O no, his death will more augment my woes.
Mucedorus (V.2.1) KING: Break, heart, and end my paled woes.
Woodstock (IV.3) KING: I fear, even here begins our woe:
her death is but chorus to some tragic scene
Ironside (IV.1.28) EDMUND: kill me yourself! Death is the end of woe
Nobody (930) ARCHIGALLO: Death is the happy period of all woe.
Willobie (LXVII.2): Swear thou my death, work thou my woe,
Shakes Rich2 (II.1) YORK: Thou death be poor, it ends a mortal woe.
Bible (possible) Rev. 12.11-12 ... and they loved not their lives ...
unto the death. ... Woe to the inhabitants of the earth, and of the sea: ...
for the devil is come down unto you ...
Flowers
... Weeds
Oxford (poem: dedication of Cardanus): He pulls the flowers, he plucks
but weeds.
Lyly Sapho (I.1.97-99) SYBILA: anyta, which being a sweet flower at
the rising of the sun becometh a weed if it be not plucked before the setting.
Greene James IV (II.1.22-25) IDA: ... Some men like to the rose
Are fashion'd fresh; some in their stalks do close
And born, do sudden die; some are but weeds, / And yet from them a secret
good proceeds.
Anon. Ironside (IV.1.71-72) MESS: Their flags and banners, yellow, blue and
red,
resembles much the weeds in ripened corn.
Arden (III.5.142-43) ALICE: Flowers do sometimes spring in fallow lands,
Weeds in gardens, roses grow on thorns;
Willobie (X.1): Well then I see, you have decreed, / And this decree must
light on me;
Unhappy Lily loves a weed, / That gives no scent, that yields no glee:
Thou art the first I ever tried, / Shall I at first be thus denied?
Shakes Sonnet (94): The basest weed outbraves his dignity:
For sweetest things turn sourest by their deeds; / Lilies that fester smell
far worse than weeds.
Oth (IV.2) OTHELLO: O, ay; as summer flies are in the shambles,
That quicken even with blowing. O thou weed, / Who art so lovely fair and
smell'st so sweet
That the sense aches at thee, would thou hadst / ne'er been born!
Corn
... Blast
Golding Ovid Met (V.601-02): The stars and blasting winds did hurt,
the hungry fouls did eat / The corn to ground:
Gascoigne et al Jocasta (I.1.453-54) BAILO: Is like a tender flower,
that with the blast
Of every little wind doth fade away.
Kyd Sp Tr (IV.2.17-18) ISA: An eastern wind, ..., / Shall blast the
plants and the young saplings;
(III.13.12-07-8) HIER: But suffer'd thy fair crimson-color'd spring
With wither'd winter to be blasted thus?
Greene Orl Fur (V.1.63-64) SACREPANT: Parched be the earth, to drink
up every spring: / Let corn and trees be blasted from above:
Anon. Ironside (IV.1.82-83) EDMUND: A sunshine day is quickly overcast.
A springing bud is killed with a blast.
Lyly Love's Met (I.2)NISA: Of holly, because it is most holy, which
lovely green
neither the sun's beams nor the wind's blasts can alter or diminish.
(IV.1.194-97) MELOS: May summer's lightning burn our autumn crop,
And rough winds blast the beauty of our plains,
Nashe Summers (660-61) AUTUMN: They vomit flames, / and blast the ripened
fruits;
(1770) BACK-WINTER: O that my looks were lightning to blast fruits!
Shakes Hamlet (III.4.64-65): Here is your husband, like a mildewed
ear,
Blasting his wholesome brother
Bible Gen. 41.5-7 ... seven ears of corn grew on one stalk, rank and
goodly ... seven thin ears, & blasted with the East wind, sprang up after
them: ... and the thin ears devoured the seven rank and full ears. Gen. 41.22-24
(similar version of above)
Speech
... Oily
Anon. Ironside (IV.1.96) EDM: right did I guess, when with thy oily
speech,
thou did'st my pardon and my grace beseech,
Willobie (LVIII.5): Their lips with oil and honey flow,
Shakes Lear (I.1) CORDELIA: I yet beseech your majesty,--
If for I want that glib and oily art, / To speak and purpose not; ...
TNK (III.1.105-06) PALAMON: be rough with me and pour / This oil out of your
language.
Malice
... Memory
Marlowe T2 (I.30) NAVARRE: To stop the malice of his envious heart,
Anon. Ironside (IV.1.113) EDR: Traitor? Remember this: malice hath
/ a perfect memory.
Shakes Corio (IV.5) CORIO: ... a good memory, / And witness of the
malice and displeasure
Which thou shouldst bear me: only that name remains;
Consume
... Sighs
Anon. Ironside (IV.2.32) EMMA: to burn my heart, consumed afore with
sighs.
Shakes Ado (III.1) HERO: Therefore let Benedick, like cover'd fire,
Consume away in sighs, waste inwardly:
Bible Pss 31.10.
Hecuba
... Sorrow ... Troy ... Tears/Weeping
Anon. Ironside (IV.2.48-49) EMMA: To dam my eyes were but to drown
my heart
like Hecuba, the woeful Queen of Troy, / who having no avoidance for her grief,
ran mad for sorrow 'cause she could not weep ...
Shakes See Hamlet, speech of the Player King
Sheep,
new-shorn (rich)
Peele Old Wives (219-220) LAMPRISCUS: ... as / poor as a sheep new-shorn,
...
Anon. Ironside (IV.3.24) SOUTH: and you remain as rich as new-shorn
sheep.
Bible Song of Sol. 4.2 Thy teeth are like a flock of sheep in good
order, which go up from the washing; which every one bring out twins, and
none is barren among them. (KJ uses "shorn," Geneva does not; presumably
another Bible was used).
Breed
... Suspicion/Suspect
Kyd Sp Tr (III.1.217) LORENZO: ... For Bel-Imperia breeds suspicion,
Greene Orl Fur (II.1.82) SACRE: Which well may breed suspicion of some
love.
Shakes 2H6 (I.3) GLOU: Because in York this breeds suspicion ...
H8 (III.1) CARD: I am sorry my integrity should breed ... so deep suspicion.
Anon. Ironside (IV.4.26): EDRICUS: To stay long here would breed suspicion.
Weakest (V.107) ODILLIA: If this may breed suspicion of my love,
Dodypoll (V.2.135): Ere I'll offend your Grace or breed suspect [suspicion].
Leic Gh (1522): And breed suspicion in the prince's heart.
Geese
... Fox
In his commentary on Edmund Ironside, Eric Sams cites the 'fox/geese' passages,
and passages in Shakespeare, showing a similar relationship, stating: 'That
would be an argument, if one were needed, for the common authorship of 2 and
3 Henry VI; and the same argument applies to Ironside.' (p. 282). The examples
below also show close parallels between the 'fox/geese' passages in #Ironside
and #Willobie.
Anon Ironside (IV.1.95-96): Right did I think whenas the fox did preach,
he meant to get a goose within his reach.
(V.2.119) ALFRIC: When the fox preaches, then beware the geese.
Cromwell (IV.5.4-5) GARD: Bid them come hither, and stay you without:--
For by those men, the Fox of this same land, / That makes a Goose of better
than himself,
Willobie (XIX.1): Methinks I hear a sober Fox, / Stand preaching to the gaggling
Geese;
And shows them out a painted box / And bids them all beware of cheese:
Your painted box and goodly preach / I see doth hold a boxly reach.
(XXXIX.1): ... When sharp-set Foxe begins to preach, / Let goslings keep without
his reach.
Lyly Midas (I.2) PETULUS: ... foxes, that stand so near a goose and
bite not?
Shakes MND DEMETRIUS: Not so, my lord; for his valor cannot / carry
his discretion;
and the fox carries the goose.
THESEUS: His discretion, I am sure, cannot carry his valor; for the goose
carries not the fox. It is well: leave it to his discretion, and let us listen
to the moon.
T&C (V.4) THERSITES: cheese, Nestor, and that same dog-fox, Ulysses, is
Comment: Similar allusion to a fox in #Greene's Groatsworth of Wit has been
interpreted to refer to Lord Burghley, Oxford's father-in-law. Possibly the
word here might also be used as a proxy for puritans or extremist reformers,
perhaps drawing on a mental reference to Foxe's #The Book of Martyrs. Willobie
in several places uses the puritan code-word 'precise'.
The passage from Troilus tellingly combines 'fox' and 'cheese' with Ulysses,
often cited as a portrait of that selfsame Lord Burghley.
These numerous references may well also derive from the
Bible - Matthew 7.15
Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's
clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves. (See Henry VIII (I.1.158-60).
Forged
truth (lies, dissimulations)
Brooke Romeus (321): With forged careless cheer, of one he seeks to
know,
Golding Ovid Met. (V.13): Upholding that Medusa's death was but a forged
lie:
(IX.167): Through false and newly-forged lies that she herself doth sow),
Edwards Dam&Pith (1726): Away, the plague of this court! Thy filed
tongue that forged lies
Watson Hek (XLVII): No shower of tears can move, she thinks I forge:
So forge, that I may speed without delay;
Greene Alphonsus (IV.Pro.21) VENUS: Did give such credence to that
/ forged tale
Kyd Sp Tr (I.2.92) VIL: Thus have I with an envious, forged tale ...
Sol&Per (II.1.117) PER: ... Ah, how thine eyes can forge alluring looks,
Shakes TA (V.2) TAMORA: ... Whate'er I forge to feed his brain-sick
fits,
1H6 (III.1) EXETER: Burns under feigned ashes of forged love
(IV.1): VERNON: ... For though he seem with forged quaint conceit
Rich3 (IV.1) FITZWATER: ... And I will turn thy falsehood to thy heart, /
Where it was forged,
Hamlet (I.5) ... the whole ear of Denmark
Is by a forged process of my death / Rankly abused: ...
V&A (132): Love is all truth, Lust full of forged lies.
Sonnet 137: Why of eyes' falsehood hast thou forged hooks, ...
AWEW (IV.1): 2d Lord: ... and then to return and swear the lies he forges.
Othello (IV.2): OTHELLO: I should make very forges of my cheeks, ...
Anon. Ironside (IV.1.101) EDM: not to believe each smooth-face forged
tale.
(V.2.83) CANUTUS: Then to confute thy forged argument,
Arden (III.5.56) MOSBY: To forge distressful looks to wound a breast
Drayton et al Oldcastle (Pro.14): Since forged invention former time
defaced.
Bible Pss 119.69, Job 13.4, Ecclus 51.2.
Argus
... hundred eyes ... peacock ... Juno
Golding Ovid Met (XV.426): Or Junos bird that in his tayle beares starres,
or Joves stowt knyght
Calvin on Psalms, to the reader.
Greene Fr Bac (V.1.225) BACON: If Argus lived and had his hundred eyes,
They could not o'r-watch Phobetor's night.
Anon. Ironside (V.1.21) EDRICUS: Had he as many [eyes] as Juno's bird,
or could pierce millstones with his searching sight,
he (by his leave) should not my halting find. / Juno's bird, the peacock,
with as many eyes as Argus.
Shakes T&C (I.2) ALEX: or purblind Argus, all eyes and no sight.
Religious
Theology: Grace me no more
Anon. Ironside (V.1.34) EDM: On thee? Hence, graceless wretch, / grace
me no more.
Shakes LLL (IV.1.21-22): See, see, my beauty will be sav'd by merit,
O heresy in fair, fit for these days!
Rich2 (II.3.87) YORK: Grace me no grace, nor uncle me no uncle: ...
MM (I.1.24-26): Grace is grace, despite of all controversy; as for example,
thou thyself art a wicked villain, despite of grace.
Munday Huntington (XIII.102) ELY: Why dost thou grace Ely with / styles
of Grace,
Bible Rom. 11.6 And if it be of grace, it is no more of works: or else
were grace no more grace: but if it be of works, it is no more grace: or else
were work no more work.
All Hail
... Betrayal ... Judas
Shakes 3H6 (V.7) GLOUC: ... And cried 'all hail!' when as he meant
all harm.
Rich2 (IV.1) KING RICH: Did they not sometime cry, 'all hail!' to me? / So
Judas did to Christ:
TNK (III.5.102) SCHOOLMASTER Thou doughty Duke, all hail! ~~~ All hail, sweet
ladies.
Bible: Shaheen points out that no English translation uses the phrase
'all hail' and that Shakespeare seems to derive the phrase from the medieval
play #The Agony and the Betrayal.
Lyly Campaspe (II.1) PSYLLUS: All hail, Diogenes, to your proper person.
Endymion (II.2) SAMIAS: Sir Tophas, all hail!
(V.2) SAMIAS: All hail, Sir Tophas, how feel you yourself?
Kyd Sol&Per (II.1.30) BASILISCO: All hail, brave cavalier.
Anon. Ironside (V.1.25-29) EDR: -- All hail unto my gracious sovereign!
STITCH: Master, you'll bewray yourself, do you say
'all hail' and yet bear your arm in a scarf? That's hale indeed.
EDRICUS: All hail unto my gracious sovereign!
Mucedorus (III.5.6-7) MESSENGER: All hail, worthy shepherd.
MOUSE: All reign, lowly shepherd.
Leic. Gh. (1935): Even they betrayed my life that cried, 'All hail!'
Nashe Summers (305-06): SOLST: All hail to Summer, my dread / sovereign
Lord. Judas' Kiss
Judas'
kiss ... Caiphas
Shakes LLL (V.2) BIRON: A kissing traitor. How art thou / proved Judas?
...
DUMAIN: The more shame for you, Judas. ...
BOYET: To make Judas hang himself. ...
BIRON: Well followed: Judas was hanged on an elder.
Anon. Ironside (V.1.10) ALFRIC: That sought like Judas to betray his
lord
(V.1.29-30) EDMUND: Judas, thy next part is to kiss my cheek
and then commit me unto Caiaphas.
Weakest (XVI.179) BRAB: Hath Judas-like betrayed his master's life,
Disp. Greene's Groat (908-09): this betrayer of him that gave His life
for him inherited the portion of Judas,
Munday Huntington (I.55) SKELTON: Who Judas-like betrays his liberal
Lord
Into the hands of that relentless Prior,
Bible Matt 26.49 Mark 14.45, Luke 22.47
Tongues
... Poisoned
Golding Ovid Met. (II.970): And all bevenomed was her tongue. No sleep
her eyes had seen.
Watson Hek (Dedication to Oxford): or the poison of evil-edged tongues
Shakes: 3H6 (I.4.112): Whose tongue more poisons than the adder's tooth!
Hamlet (I.5.35): A serpent stung me.
Oth (III.3.451): For 'tis of aspics' tongues.
Disp. Greene's Groat (628-29): The Viper's tooth is not so venomous,
The Adder's tongue not half so dangerous,
Anon. Ironside (V.1.37) EDM: His sight, his breath, his fell infectious
tongue
is venomer than is the Basilisk's.
Willobie (To constant Ladies): many men in these days / whose tongues are
tipped with poison
(L.3): In greenest grass the winding snake, / With poisoned sting is soonest
found,
A coward's tongue makes greatest crack, / emptiest cask yields greatest sound,
Leic. Gh (286-87): ... antidote most strong / Against the poison of a venomed
tongue.
Bible Ps. 140.3: They have sharpened their tongues like a serpent:
adder's poison is under their lips
Pawn
... Lives
Edwards Dam&Pith (825) PITHIAS: Take me, O might king! / My life
I pawn for his.
(834) DION: Thou seemest to trust his words that pawnest thy life so frankly.
Shakes Edw3 (II.1) WAR: To pawn thine honor rather than thy life.
Lear (I.1) KENT: My life I never held but as a pawn ...
(I.2) EDMUND:... I dare pawn down my life / for him ...
See also Merchant of Venice, the major plot
Anon. Ironside (V.1.44-45) EDR: Doth Edmund thus reward his followers
that pawn their lives for him and in his cause?
Lyly Love's Met. (III.2) PROTEA: Let me, as often as I be bought for
money / or pawned for meat,
Free
... Heart
Golding Ovid Met. (I.634): That made this wound within my heart that
heretofore was free.
(V.348): The wicked Tyrant Pyren still: my heart is yet scarce free
(V.621): And have your heart more free from care, which better serve me may
(VIII.88): A God as in their own behalf, and if their hearts be free
Anon. Ironside (V.1.65) EDR: how far my heart was free from dastard
flight;
Dodypoll (IV.3.83): O brave free-hearted slave, ...
Lyly Love's Met (II.1) CERES: in token that my heart is as free
from any thought of love as these from any blemish,
Munday Huntington (VIII.13) FITZ: An argument of my free heart, my
Lord,
Shakes Timon (I.2) VENT: I am bound to your free heart.
Macbeth (I.3) MAC: Let us speak our free hearts each to other.
Lov. Comp (28): Kept hearts in liveries, but mine own was free.
Innocent/Guilty
blood ... Drink blood
Edwards Dam&Pith (796-97) DAMON: ... whereas no truth my innocent
/ life can save,
But that so greedily you thirst my guiltless blood to have,
(1472) EUBULUS: Who knoweth his case and will not melt in tears?
His guiltless blood shall trickle down anon.
Anon. Fam Vic. (814) ARCH: Not minding to shed innocent blood, ...
Woodstock (V.1) LAPOOLE: ... and my sad conscience bids the contrary
and tells me that his innocent blood thus spilt heaven will revenge.
Ironside (V.1.70) EDRICUS: thirst not to drink the blood of innocents.
(V.2.159) EDRICUS: and made a sea with blood of innocents;
(V.2.170) CANUTUS: and glad for sparing of that guiltless blood
Kyd Sp Tr (III.11.25-29) HIER: A habitation for their cursed souls,
There, in a brazen cauldron, fixed by Jove, / In his fell wrath, upon a sulfur
flame,
Yourselves shall find Lorenzo bathing him / In boiling lead and blood of innocents.
Shakes 1H6 (V.iv.44): Stain'd with the guiltless blood of innocents.
Rich2 (V.6) BOLING: The guilt of conscience take thou for thy labour, ...
That blood should sprinkle me to make me grow:
Rich3 (I.2.63) O earth! Which this blood drink'st, revenge his death!
Matt. 27.24 ...washed his hands ... of the blood of this just man
Macbeth (2.2): Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood ...
Titus (V.2.183): The basin that receives your guilty blood.
Willobie (IX.5): A guilty conscience always bleeds
(XIII.2): I rather choose a quiet mind, / A conscience clear from bloody sins,
Than short delights, ...
Bible Deut. 21.9: The cry of innocent blood.; Deut. 32.35
Jer. 2.34: In thy wings is found the blood of the souls of the poor innocents.
Hold
... play
Marlowe T2 (III.3.24-25) THERIDAMAS: And over thy Argins and covered
ways
Shall play upon the bulwarks of thy hold
(III.3.63-65) TECHELLESÊÊTrumpets and drums, alarum presently,
And soldiers play the men, the hold is yours.
Greene Orl Fur (I.1.223) RODAMANT: And hold thee play till Mandricard
return. --
Fr. Bac. (II.4.23) BURDEN: Bacon, if he will hold the German play,
Anon. Ironside (V.1.89) EDRICUS: till you upon the forefront held them
play;
(V.2.7) CAN: in meantime make ye strong to hold him play,
Munday Huntington (XV.78) SCATHLOCK: I pray thee, Friar, hold him play.
Shakes H8 (V.4) CHAMBER: A Marshalsea shall hold ye play these two
months.
Feigned
love, Treachery, Flattery:
a Major theme of Edmund Ironside:
Flattering courtiers/lovers
Kyd Sol&Per (I.5.56) HALEB: Why, his highness gave me leave to
speak my will;
And, far from flattery, I spoke my mind, / And did discharge a faithful subject's
love.
Thou, Aristippus-like, did'st flatter him,
(I.5.75-78) HALEB: Your highness knows I spake at your command,
and to the purpose, far from flattery.
AMURATH: Thinks thou I flatter? Now I flatter not.
(II.1.68) ERASTUS: They will betray me to Philippo's hands, / For love, or
gain, or flattery.
Sp Tr (III.1.9) HIER: Sith fear or love to kings is flattery.
Greene James IV: A treacherous courtier also moved the action.
(Pro) BOH: No, no; flattering knaves that can cog and prate fastest, / speed
best in the court.
(I.1.53) KING ENG.: Make choice of friends, ... / Who soothe no vice, who
flatter not for gain,
(I.1.187) ATEUKIN: Most gracious and imperial majesty ...
A little flattery more were but too much.
(I.1.277) ATEUKIN: Did not your Grace suppose I flatter you,
There are 16 similar uses of "flatterer" in James IV.
Shakes V&A (69): Dismiss your vows, your feigned tears, your flattery;
Anon Willobie (XI.3): For who can trust your flattering style,
(LVII.3): With flattering tongues, & golden gifts, / To drive poor women
to their shifts.
(LVIII.5): Their tongues are fraught with flattering guile;
(LXVI.3): Though flattering tongues can paint it brave,
Fawn,
Fawning
Watson Hek (XXXIX): Conjoined with fawning heaps is sore oppressed,
Kyd Sol&Per (I.3.180) BASILISCO: Better a dog fawn on me than bark.
Shakes This image is a major theme of a many Shakespeare works,
involving betrayal by such figures as Iago, Iachomo, and Parolles. The words
fawning, feigned flatterer et al form the basis for a major Shakespeare word
cluster. Edricus, in the Apocryphal Edmund Ironside, is the perfect model
of such a courtier
1H6 (V.3): That Suffolk doth not flatter, face, or feign.
Errors (IV.2) DROMIO/SYR: ... A back-friend, a shoulder-clapper, one that
1H6 ((IV.4) SOMERSET: ... And take foul scorn to fawn on him by sending.
3H6 (IV.1, IV.8); Rich3 (I.3); Rich2 (I.3,(III.2,V.1); IH4 (I.3)
Comedies: TGV (III.1); LLL (V.2); MND (II.1); MV (I.3); AsYou (II.7)
Tragedies: JC (I.2, III.1), Ham (III.2); Timon (III.4); Coriolanus (I.6, 3.2)
Poetry: Venus & Adonis (144); Sonnets (149)
Marlowe Jew of Malta (II.3.20): We Jews can fawn like spaniels when
we please: ...
Anon: Ironside (V.1.112) EDRICUS: Twas not your highness but some fawning
mate
that put mistrust into your grace's head, ...
Willobie (I.16): Disdain of love in fawning face.
(VI.4): A fawning face and faithless heart
(III.5): Whose fawning framed Queen Dido's fall,
(LXIX.2): Whose fawning features did enforce
Oxford letters: (10-31-1572, to Lord Burghley): But yet, least those
(I can not tell how to term them) but as back-friends unto me.
(September 1596, to Sir Robert Cecil): Enemies are apt to make the worst of
every thing, flatterers will do evil offices, and true and faithful advice
will seem harsh to tender ears.
Willobie Feigned love: (VIII.5): Still feign as though thou godly art,
(IX.6): To bear a show, and yet to feign,
(XI.6):To faithless heart, to lie and feign,
(XXX.1): How fine they feign, how fair they paint,
(LV.II): Assure yourself, I do not feign, / Requite my love with love again.
Bible II Sam. Arg: ... what horrible & dangerous insurrections,
uproars, & treasons were wrought against him, partly b false counselors,
feigned friends & flatterers, and partly by some of his own children and
people and how by God's assistance he overcame all difficulties, and enjoyed
his kingdom in rest and peace. In the person of David the Scripture setteth
forth the Christ Jesus the chief King, who came of David according to the
flesh, and was persecuted on every side with outward and inward enemies, as
well as in his own person, as in his members, but at length he overcometh
all his enemies and give his Church victory against all power both spiritual
& temporal:and so reigneth with them, King for evermore.
Wit ...
Will
Brooke Romeus (2296): And said that she had done right well by wit
to order will.
Oxford poem (Fain would I sing): Till Wit have wrought his will on
Injury.
Gascoigne et al Jocasta (III.2) MENECEUS: ... Yet evil it were in this
/ to yield your will.
CREON: Thy wit is wily for to work thy woe.
Watson Hek (XXXVIII): And for whose sake I lost both will and wit,
(LXXVIII): That wit and will to Reason do retire:
Kyd Sp Tr (IV.3.307) HIERON: Erasto, Soliman saluteth thee,
And lets thee wit by me his Highness' will,
Shakes TGV (II.6.12) PRO: And he wants wit that wants resolved will
To learn his wit t'exchange the bad for better.
LLL (II.1.49-50) MARIA: Is a sharp wit matched with too blunt a will,
Whose edge hath power cut, whose will still wills ...
12th (I.5.29) FESTE: Wit, an't be thy will, put me into good fooling!
Hamlet (I.5.44-46) GHOST: O wicked wit and gifts, that have the power
So to seduce -- won to his shameful lust / The will of my most seeming-virtuous
queen.
Corio (II.3.27-28) 3 CIT: Nay your wit will not so soon out as / another man's
will, ...
Lucrece (1230:) What wit sets down is blotted straight with will;
Anon. Ironside (V.1.119) EDR: See, see, what wit and will can bring
about.
Willobie (XXXII.2): If wit to will, will needs resign,
(LIII.1): If fear and sorrow sharp the wit, / And tip the tongue with sweeter
grace,
Then will & style must finely fit, / To paint my grief, and wail my case:
(LVII.5): Can wit enthralled to will retire?
(Auth. Conc. 1): Whom gifts nor wills nor force of wit / Could vanquish once
with all their shows:
Penelope (I.4): For what my wit cannot discharge, / My will surely supplies
at large.
Lyly MB (I.3) SPERANTUS: He hath wit at will.
Nashe Summers (498-99) WINTER: Let him not talk; for he hath words
at will,
And wit to make the baddest matter good.
Legal
term: Reason ... Proof; Confute ... Argument
Anon. Ironside (V.2.83-84) CAN: Then to confute thy forged argument,
thus argue I; my sword is reason's proof.
Shakes Caesar (II.1) BRUT: I have not known when his affections sway'd
More than his reason. But 'tis a common proof, / That lowliness is young ambition's
ladder
Sword
... Reason
Anon. Ironside (V.2.84) CANUTUS: ... my sword is reason's proof.
Shakes A&C (III.13) ENO: ... when valor preys on reason, / It eats
the sword it fights with.
T&C (II.2) TROILUS: You know a sword employ'd is perilous,
And reason flies the object of all harm: / Who marvels then, when Helenus
beholds
A Grecian and his sword, if he do set / The very wings of reason to his heels
Fountain
of wit
Edwards Dam&Pith (956) STEPH: But such as thou art, fountains of
squirrility ...
Anon. Ironside (V.2.96) EDRICUS: fountain of wit, the spring of policy
...
Bible Baruch 3.12 Thou has forsaken the fountain of wisdom.
Manure
... Blood
Golding Ovid Met. (XIII.515-16): Against the place where Ilion was,
there is another land / Manured by the Biston men. ...
Kyd Sp Tr (IV.2.15-16) ISA: Barren the earth and blissless whosoe'er
Imagines not to keep it unmanur'd.
Sol&Per (I.5.35-36) HALEB: After so many Bassows slain,
Whose blood hath been manured to their earth, ...
Anon. Ironside (V.2.148) EDRICUS: ... this little isle, / whose soil
is manured with carcasses
Shakes Rich2 (4.12.137): The blood of English shall manure the ground
High-resolved
Anon. Ironside (V.2.194) EDM: of noble blood and high-resolved spirit
See also Locrine (II.1.60) HUMBER: Kingly resolved, thou glory of thy sire.
Shakes Titus (IV.4) AEMILIUS: High-resolved men, bent to the spoil,
...
Goliath
... Weaver's beam (spec.
ref. to weaver's beam)
Anon. Ironside (V.2.202) EDM: Were he Golias, I the little king,
I would not fear, him on his knees to bring; / but he hath rather cause to
doubt of me,
I being big and far more strong than he.
Shakes Edw3 (IV.6) PHILIP: An arm hath beat an army; one poor David
/ Hath with a stone foil'd twenty stout Goliaths;
MWW (IV.1.22): I fear not Goliath with a weaver's beam.
Nashe Summers (1025) BACCHUS: ... were every beam as big as a weaver's
beam.
Bible 2 Sam. 21.19 Goliath the Gittite: the staff of whose spear was
like a weavers beam. See also 1 Chron. 20.5, same text and 1 Sam 17.7.
Honey
... Surfeit
Lyly Sapho (Pro.): and in Hybla (being cloyed with honey) they account
it dainty to feed on wax.
Endymion (V/1) ENDY: for bees surfeit sometimes with honey and the gods are
glutted ...
Anon Ironside (V.2.253-59) CANUTUS: How pleasant are these speeches
to my ears,
Aeolian music to my dancing heart, / Ambrosian dainties to my starved maw,
sweet-passing Nectar to my thirsty throat, / rare cullises to my sick-glutted
mind,
refreshing ointments to my wearied limbs, / and heavenly physic to my earth-sick
soul,
which erst was surfeited with woe and war.
Shakes 1H4 (3.2.71-73): They surfeited with honey and began
To loathe the taste of sweetness, whereof a little / More than a little is
by much too much.
Bible Prov. 25.16 ... eat (honey) that is sufficient for thee, lest
thou be over-full, and vomit it.
Tongues
... Orators
Anon. Ironside (V.2.273) ALFRIC: doth force our tongues, our hearts'
chief orators,
Shakes Errors (III.2) LUCIANA: Be not thy tongue thy own shame's orator;
Edw3 (I.2) K. EDWARD: What needs a tongue to such a speaking eye,
That more persuades than winning Oratory.
Nashe Will Summers (1366): Smooth-tongue Orators, the fourth in place
Wink
... Sleep
Brooke
Romeus (366): Not half a wink
of quiet sleep could harbor
in her bed;
Golding Ovid Met. (VII.204-05): By force of chanted herbs to make the
watchful dragon sleep, Within whose eyes came never wink,
Lyly Campaspe (V.4.4) ALEX: Be of good cheer; though I wink, I sleep
not.
Sapho (III.4.58-59) PHAO: Yet Medea made the ever-waking dragon to snort
when she (poor soul) could not wink.
Anon. Ironside (V.2.300) EDR: and till occasion fits them, sleeping
wink.
Willobie (XXX.2): But you can wake, although you wink,
Penelope (XXXII.2): But you can wake, although you wink,
Shakes Cymb (III.4) PISANIO: I have not slept one wink.
Appendix III: Vocabulary, Word Construction
Wordplay:
(V.i.1669) STITCH: In vain -- what a vain vein my master is in!
(Note use of OX signature word/expression.)
Distinctive Words, Phrases
(*unusual):
arreared, beg at thy ears a little audience, brustling his feathers, causer
(similar to OX WS word 'partaker'), consuming war ... devour, controlment,
demerit best (merit?), exordion, extribute (v), for color's sake (to deceive),
good manners be your speed, hollow voice, if that, I hold my life (bet my
life), inheritage, logger-headed (a), manured with carcasses, newsmonger,
oily speech, plotform (plan), sea of blood, sheep-biter (n), sluggy (a), spurn
not against the truth, -claimed traitors), thieves of time, time comes in
time, royting (a)*, venomer (a), your comb is cut
Compound Words (*surely
unusual): 80 words. (1 verb, 25 nouns, 54 adj, ).
after-age (n), after-hopes* (n), all-conquering (a), all-daring (a), all-soothing
(a), base-born (a), battle-main (n), best-loved (a), big-boned (a), block-headed
(a), blue-coated (a), brass-leaved* (a), brave-minded* (a), bristle-pointed*
(a), cloak-bag (n), cousin-german (n), curtle-axe (n), dear-bought (a), deep-reaching*
(a), down-weighed* (a), dry-shod (a), dull-pated* (a), earth-sick soul (a),
English-born (a), fire-breathing (a), flea-spot* (n), gripple-minded* (a),
grout-head (n), hair's-breadth (n), hard-hearted (a), heir-apparent (n), high-resolved
(a), home-bred (a), honest-meaning* (a), horn-grafter* (n), horse-heels (n),
ill-favored (a), late-espoused* (a), logger-headed (a), long-expected* (a),
loose-brained* (a), man-at-arms (n), March-beer* (n), marking-stall* (n),
mother-killing* (a), mother-wit (n), never-heard-of (a), new-married (a),
new-shred* (a), new-shorn (a), nothing-fearing (a), over-cloyed (a), over-hardiness
(n), over-light (a), over-match (v), rare-conceited* (a), rash-seeming* (a),
rent-run* (a), sending-for (n), serving-man (n), shake-rag (n), shirt-band
(n), sheep-biter (n), sibert-asking (n), sick-glutted* (a), smooth-face (a),
stony-hearted (a), stout-hearted (a), sure-grounded (a), sweet-passing* (a),
three-score (a), trencher-scraping* (a), tribute-paying (n), true-approved
(a), true-born (a), war-begotten* (a), well-deserving (a), windy-headed (a),
wing-footed (a), wise-man (n)
Words beginning with 'con'
(*surely unusual): 37 words. (19 verbs, 12 nouns, 9 adj).
conceal (v), conceive (v), concern (v), conclusion (n), concord (n), conduct
(v), confess (n), confident (a), confirm (v), confirmation (n), confute (v),
conjoined (a), conquer (v), conqueror (n), conquest (n), conscience (n), consent
(n, v), considered (v), conspire (v), constable (n), constant (a), consult
(v), consume (v), consuming (a), contagious (a), contain (v), contemplation
(v), contempt (n), contend (v), content (v, n, a), continue (v), continual
(a), contradict (v), controlling (a), controlment (n), contumelious* (a),
convert (v)
Words beginning with 'dis'
(*surely unusual): 33 words (17 verbs, 10 nouns, 8 adj).
disadvantage (n), disappoint (v), discomfited (v), discontent (a, n), discontented
(n) discord (n), discountenanced* (n), discourage (v), discourse (n), discouraging
(v), discover (v), discredit (v), disdain (v), disdainful (n), disgrace (v),
disguised (n), disguisement (n), dishonor (n), dishonorable (n), disloyal
(n), dismay (v), dismount (v)*, dispatch (v, n), disperse (v), dispose (v),
dissemble (v), dissembling (n), dissimulation (n), distempered (v)*, distilled
(v), distraught (n), disturb (v), disturbance (n)
Words beginning with 'mis':
7 words (3 verbs, 4 nouns).
mischief (n), misconsters (v), misery (n), mishap (n), misinform (v), mistress
(n), mistrust (v)
Words beginning with 'over'
(*surely unusual): 11 words.
(6 verbs, 2 nouns, 4 adj).
overcast (a), o'er-cloyed (a), overcome (v), over-hardiness* (n), over-light
(a), overload (v), overloading (a), over-match (v), overruns (v), oversee
(v), overthrow (n, v)
Words beginning with 'pre':
11 words (5 verbs, 3 nouns, 2 adj, 1 adv).
prelate (n), prepare (v), presageth (v), presence (n), present (a), presently
(adv), presume (v), presuming (v), presumptuous (a), pretense (n), prevented
(v)
Words beginning with 're':
49 words (30 verbs, 18 nouns, 3 adj).
rebel (v), rebellion (n), rebellious (a), recall (v), receive (v), recite
(v), recompense (v), redeem (v), redoubled (v), refrain (v), refreshing (a),
refuse (v), refuge (n), regain (v), regard (n), rejoice (v), relieve (v),
religion (n), rely (v), remain (v), remember (v), remembrance (n), remorse
(n), renews (v), renovate (v), renowned (a), reparation (n), repent (v), repentance
(n), repetition (n), reply (v), report (v), reputation (n), request (n), requited
(v), resemble (v), resist (v), resistance (v), resolution (n), resolved (v),
resist (v), resistance (n), retire (v), retreat (n), return (n, v), revenge
(n, v), revenging (n), reverence (n), reward (v)
Words beginning with 'un','in'(*
surely unusual): 72 words (29/41/2)
(13 verbs, 14 nouns, 39 adj, 1 adv, 2 conj, 4 prep).
incarnate (a), incur (v), indeed (conj), indulgency (n), infectious (a), inflames
(v), influence (n), ingratitude (n), inheritage* (n), injury (n), innocent
(n), inquiring (a), insinuate (v), insinuating (a), inspire (v), instead (adv),
instigation (n), instrument (n), intelligence (n), intend (v), intending (v),
intent (n), intention (n), interest (n), into (prep), intrude (v), invasions
(n), invinceable (a), inward (a)
unadvised (a), unawares (a), uncase* (v), uncivil (a), uncover (v), undecent (a), undeserved (a), unfaithful (a), unfit (a), unfold (v), unfriended* (a), ungodly (a), ungrateful (a), unhappy (a), unheard (a), unhurt (a), universal (a), unkind(a), unkindness (n), unknown (a), unless (conj), unmarried (a), unportable* (a), unprepared (v, a), unprovided (a), unpunished (a), unreasonable (a), unrelenting (a), unruly (a), unshed* (v), unskillful (a), unspeakable (a), unspotted (a), unsure (a), until (prep), unto (prep), untoward (a), untutored (a), unwelcome (a), unwieldy (a), unwitting (a)
under (prep), understand (v)
Words ending with 'able'
(*surely unusual): 11 words (all adj).
answerable, honorable, immovable, irrevocable, notable, serviceable, tractable,
uportable*, unreasonable, unspeakable, vengeable*
words ending with 'ize': 2 verbs -- eternize, scandalize.
Words ending with 'less': 13
words (12 adj, 1 conj).
bootless, causeless, endless, graceless, guiltless, headless, helpless, lawless,
matchless, needless, spotless, timeless, unless (conj)
Words ending with 'ness':
15 words (1 verb, 15 nouns).
business, cleanliness, forgiveness, forwardness, gentleness, [over]hardiness,
highness, kindness, madness, mightiness, rashness, sauciness, sickness, weakness,
witness (n, v)
All Rights Reserved. All site contents Copyright © 2002 B. Flues and elizabethanauthors.com
Webmaster contact: robertbrazil@juno.com