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King Leir - APPENDICES - Part A

By Barboura Flues Copyright © 2005
Edited for the web by Robert Brazil.

Copyright © 2005 B. Flues, R. Brazil, and elizabethanauthors.com.

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Length: 21,024 words

Major Sources of Leir:

Geoffrey of Monmouth #History of the Kings of England (II). Text available on this site, see Geoffrey of Monmouth.
Holinshed, Raphael. #Second Book of the History of England (1587).
Higgins, John. #Mirror for Magistrates (1574).
Warner, William. #Albion's England (1589 edition).

Suggested Reading
Bullough, Geoffrey, ed. #Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare, Vol. VII. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975.
Heywood, John. #The Proverbs and Epigrams. The Spenser Society, 1867.
Hunter, Robert G. Shakespeare and the Mystery of God's Judgments. Athens: Univ. of Ga. Press, 1976.
Milward, Peter. #Shakespeare's Religious Background. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1973.
Stritmatter, Roger A. [dissertation] The Marginalia of Edward de Vere's Geneva Bible: Providential Discovery, Literary Reasoning, and Historical Consequence. Northampton, Mass: Oxenford Press, 2001.
Tilley, Morris Palmer. Elizabethan Proverb Lore. New York: The Macmillan company, 1926.

Language in King Leir

Connections

[MARKED indicates marked passage in Oxford's Geneva Bible.
No Match indicates no marking in Oxford's Geneva Bible.]

Legal Terms

Legal term: ABRIDGE.
Golding Ovid (I.132-34): ... immediately the old / And ancient Spring did Jove abridge, and made therof anon, / Four seasons: Winter, Summer, Spring, and Autumn off and on:
(III.436): And strangeness of the kind of death that did abridge his age.
Five more uses.
Anon. Leir (9.28) SKALL: Therefore abbridge it half, and you shall see,
(19.170) MESS: That they have hired me t'abbridge thy fate,
Shakes TGV (III.1) PROTEUS: Besides, thy staying will abridge thy life.
MV (I.1) BASSANIO: Nor do I now make moan to be abridged / From such a noble rate; ...
JC (III.1) BRUTUS: So are we Caesar's friends, that have abridged / His time of fearing death.
Used also in Watson Hekatompathia, Lodge Wounds, Kyd Sol&Per, Marlowe Tamb 1, Edward II (twice), Anon. Woodstock (twice), Locrine, Leicester's Gh (twice), Nashe Pierce Penniless, Lyly Woman in the Moon, Chapman D'Olive.
Cf. law text: Brooke's Abridgement.

Legal term: ALIENATION.
Anon. Leir (7.159) MUMFORD: My humor is alienated from the maids of France.
Leic Gh. (865-66): By license, too, of alienation, / By raising rents, and by oppression,

Legal terms: BOND ... Obligation; GOOD in Law; Keep CONDITION; FORFEITURE ... Negligence.
Anon. Leir (12.73-75) MESS: A strong Bond, a firm Obligation, good in law, good in law: if I keep not the condition, let my neck be the forfeiture of my negligence.
Ironside (V.2.47-50) CANUTUS: The ground I stand on, Edmund, is mine own, fallen to me not successively indeed, but by forfeiture as copyhold,
Nobody (1136-37) CORNWELL: Here are, my liege, bonds, forfeit by poor men, / Which he released out of the usurers' hands,
Shakes MV (III.2) SALERIO: But none can drive him from the envious plea / Of forfeiture, of justice and his bond.

Legal term: CASE stands.
Brooke Romeus (1696): The tidings of your health and how your doubful case shall stand
Edwards Dam&Pith (1256) GRIM: Good fellows, believe me, as the case now stands ...,
Golding Abraham (Pro.22): Were as you be not, now as stands the case.
(341) SHEPHERDS' SONG: Because, as stood the case,
Watson Hek (XXXVI): My letters tell in what a case I stand,
Kyd Sp Tr (II.1.45) LORENZO: Thus stands the case: It is not long, thou knowest,
Anon. Pasquil Apology (para. 5): The case so standing, I trust I am worthy to be held excused,
(para. 38): ... the case standing as it doth, ...
Marprelate (Tract 4): mark how the case stands between these wretches, and those whom they call puritans.
Leir (7.99-100) CORDELLA: Ah Palmer, my estate doth not befit / A kingly marriage, as the case now stands.
(19.304-05): MESS: If any ask you why the case so stands? / Say that your tongues were better than your hands.
Willobie (LCCIII.4): Ah woe is me, the case so stands,/ That senseless papers plead my woe,
Weakest (XVIII.215) VILLIERS: My Lord of Bulloigne, thus then stands my case,
Shakes 3H6 (IV.5): Were as you be not, now as stands the case.
R&J (III.5) NURSE: Then, since the case so stands as now it doth,
WT (II.3) PAULINA: For, as the case now stands, it is a curse ...
Cymb (I.5) QUEEN: ... The case stands with her; do't as from thyself.
(III.4) IMOGEN: ... yet the traitor / Stands in worse case of woe.

Legal terms: Show CAUSE ... Find REMEDY.
Lyly Sapho (III.4.47-51) SAPHO: Why, how can you cure me, when you cannot remedy yourself?
PHAO: Yes Madam, the causes are contrary, for it is only a dryness in your brains that keepeth you from rest; but --
Kyd Sp Tr (II.1.30-31) LORENZO: And doubt not but we'll find some remedy. / Some cause there is that lets you not be loved:
Anon. Rich3 (1610) RIVERS: Then show just cause, why you exclaim so rashly in this sort,
Leir (7.45) CORDELLA: Ah Pilgrims, what avails to show the cause. / When there's no means to find a remedy?
Chettle Kind Hart: but the remedy riseth from the knowledge of the cause: If any can (in natural sense) give ease, they must be artists that are able to search the cause, resist the disease, by providing remedies.
Shakes Edw3 (II.1.204-205) COUNTESS: Acquaint me with your cause of discontent.
K. EDWARD: How near then shall I be to remedy?
Hamlet (IV.4) HAM: Will not debate the question of this straw: / This is the imposthume of much wealth and peace, / That inward breaks, and shows no cause without / Why the man dies. (Not in Folio or Q1. Q2, lines 2987-90: substantially the same.)
T&C (II.3) AJAX: let him show us the cause.

Legal terms: CLAIM ... Promise ... Debt; SUE ... Action.
Anon. Mucedorus (V.2.66-67) KING: ... Segasto claims my promise made to fore,
Weakest (XVIII.237) VILLIERS: I by her promise claim her for my wife.
Leir (21.41-45): MUMFORD: ... i'll claim / A promise of you, which you shall not deny me: / For promise is debt, & by this hand you promised it me. / Therefore you owe it me, and you shall pay it me, / Or ile sue you upon an action of unkindness.
Shakes TGV (IV.4) PROTEUS: I claim the promise for her heavenly picture.
Rich III (III.1) BUCKINGHAM: I'll claim that promise at your grace's hands,
Edw3 (V.1.14) 1 CITIZEN: We claim the promise that your Highness made,

Legal term: Upon CONDITION.
Golding Ovid Met (XIV.165): Yet did he grant me also that, upon condicion I
Lyly Campaspe (II.1.27) DIOGENES: Upon condition.
Gallatea (I.1.40) TYTERUS: upon condition consented to ease their miseries.
Greene Orl Fur (I.1.333) MARSILIUS: Upon conditions I will pardon thee, --
Lodge Rosalind: And upon that condition (quoth Gerismond) that Rosalind were here, I would this day make up a marriage betwixt her and thee.
Anon. Leir (7.142) MUMFORD: Upon condition I no worse might speed,
Locrine (III.4.40] MARGERY: Upon that condition I let thee alone.
Marprelate Tract 1, Tract 5.
Weakest (xv.123-25) SIR NICHOLAS: I am content, give Bunch the Church-door key, / Upon condition thou wilt say / Even-song to the Parish this afternoone,
Shakes: Four uses of the phrase (including Edw3).
Oxford Memorandum August 1595: ... that the Lord of Buckhurst shall have the suit upon easier conditions than myself ...

Legal term: CONFUTE.
0. Gosson Abuse: ... and confute the allegations of our adversaries,
1. Marlowe T1 (IV.4.75) TAMB: I will confute those blind Geographers ...
Anon. Leir (10.80) LEIR: For with good reason I can thee confute.
Ironside (V.2.83) CANUTUS: Then to confute thy forged argument,
Martin's Protestation: 3 uses, Tracts: 22 uses.
Harvey Pierce: Not because my confuters' swords or my enemies' daggers carry any credit with the wise, or because my letters fear any discredit with the honest, or because I cannot abide to be confuted, that daily confute myself and condemn every mine own default with rigor, ... Simple men may write against other or plead for themselves, but they cannot confute cuttingly, ... he ["the author of renowned victory"] and Nashe will confute the world. ... Yet better a confuter of Letters than a confounder of manners, ... I have touched the booted Shakerley a little, that is always riding, and never rideth; always confuting, and never confuteth
2d letter: ... and desire to confute their impudency not with words, but with deeds. ... The very time confuteth vanity,
Nashe Summers (503) SOL: If Envy unconfuted may accuse, / Then Innocence must ...
Penniless: The Danes ..., that are to be confuted with nothing but Tankards or quart-pots, ... / Small learning would serve to confute so manifest a scandal, ...
Note: Harvey's extreme over-use of this word.

Legal terms: COUNTERFEIT ... Sorrow.
0. Anon. Leir (22.12) RAGAN: All sorrow is but counterfeit to mine,
Disp. Groat: The fox made a Friday face, counterfeiting sorrow,
Munday Huntington (III.55) ROBIN: I tell thee love, my grief is counterfeit.
0. Legal term: Have my CUSTOM.
1. Anon. Leir (7.38): O brave! God willing, thou shalt have my custom,
2. Nashe Peniless: thou shalt at thy return have more of my custom:

Legal term: DEBAR.
Edwards Dam&Pith (1744) EUBULUS: And painted speech, that glozeth for gain, from gifts is quite debarred.
Anon. Leir (7.66) KING: Why, who debars his honorable age, / From being still the King of Brittany?
Weakest (XIV.20-21) DYANA: Without impeachment of our honest fame, / Debarring wicked lust to blot the same.
Willobie ((XLI.5): Then leave to sew, since that you see Your hap debars your hope from me.
Shakes Sonnet 28: How can I then return in happy plight, / That am debarr'd the benefit of rest?

Legal term: DEEDS ... make report.
Golding Ovid Met (II.705): Straight to the Goddess of this deed a just report I make.
Anon. Leir (3.79) CORDELIA: I hope my deeds shall make report for me:
Shakes Corio (I.9) COMINIUS: If I should tell thee o'er this thy day's work, / Thou'ldst not believe thy deeds: but I'll report it
Legal term: ENROLL.
Edwards Dam&Pith (1470) EUB: Yet for thy faith enroll'd shall be thy name
Kyd Sol&Per (I.3.3) PHILIPPO: Assembled here in thirsty honor's cause, / To be enrolled in the brass-leaved book
Greene Ciceronis: living as chaste as she was enrolled for a vestal,
Marlowe Edw2 (I.4.269-70) MORT: And in the Chronicle enroll his name / For purging of the realm of such a plague.
Shakes 3H6 (II.1) WARWICK: ... His oath enrolled in the parliament;
MM (I.2): CLAUDIO: ... but this new governor / Awakes me all the enrolled penalties
JC (III.2) BRUTUS: The question of / his death is enrolled in the Capitol; his glory not
Anon. Woodstock (IV.3): SHRIEVE: ... ... I plead our ancient liberties / recorded and enrolled in the King's crown office,
Leir (1.69) PERILLUS: To be enrolled in Chronicles of fame,
Willobie (XXXVI.3): These strange effects I find enrolled, / Within this place, since my return,
Penelope (III.3): A gift with fame worthy to be enroll'd.
Leic Gh. (2086-87): ... when the Muses did enrol Their names in honor's everlasting scroll,

Legal term: LAW OF ARMS.
Marlowe T1 (II.4.22) MYCETES: Thou breakst the law of Arms unless thou kneel,
Edw2 (III.2.121) SPENCER: A bloody part, flatly against law of arms.
(III.4.18) Edward: Poor Pierce, and headed him against law of arms?
Greene Card: If the law of arms (quoth he) did not both safely protect thee & ...
Orlando (I.1.181-82) MAND: And, French man, wer't not gainst the law of arms,
(I.1.221) MARSILIUS: My choler over-slip the Law of Arms,
Kyd Sp Tr (I.2.168) HIER: Enforced by nature and by law of arms
(I.3.47) ALEXANDRO: That were a breach to common law of arms.
Anon. Famous Vic (841) KING: To a king: the law of arms allows no less.
(1044) KING: The law of Arms allow no less.
Leir (22.66-7) RAGAN: And were it not, it is 'gainst law of Arms, / To offer violence to a Messenger,
(22.87) RAGAN: For law of Arms shall not protect thy tongue.
(22.95) CAMBRIA: What should I do? infringe the law of Arms,
Cromwell (III.2.23) BEDFORD: Treacherous France, that, gainst the law of arms,
Shakes: Appears in 1 Henry VI (twice), H5, Lear (Goneril), Edw3.

Legal terms: MEDIATOR ... Motion.
Anon. Gift to the Countess of Oxford, 1581 (trans.) Chrysostoms Homilies on the Epistle of St. Paul to the Ephesians (The Argument) Ver. 3: That is to say, this blessing was not by the hand of Moses, but by Christ Jesus: so that we surpass them not only in the quality of the blessings, but in the Mediator also.
Leir (21.51-52) KING: Faith, in this motion I will join with thee, / And be a mediator to my Queen.

Legal term: MOTION/MOVE love.
Marlowe Dido (III.2.69-70) JUNO: Hark to a motion of eternal league, / Which I will make in quittance of thy love:
Massacre (I.7-8) CHARLES: And that the native sparks of princely love, / That kindled first this motion in our hearts,
Anon. Leir (1.56-58) LEIR: For at this instant two near neighboring Kings / Of Cornwall and of Cambria, motion love / To my two daughters, Gonorill and Ragan.
Willobie (XII.3): T'was not thy beauty that did move / This fond effect, but blinded love.
(XXXIII.3): Let no man know what I did move, / Let no man know, that I did love.
Penelope (XII.3): Those love-sick motions to amend.
Lyly Love's Met (I.2) CELIA: ... although into her heart never entered any motion of love,
(II.1) NISA: Into my heart, madam, there did never enter any motion of love.
(II.1) CUPID: For what is love, divine love, but the quintessence of chastity, and affections binding by heavenly motions ...
(V.1) CUPID: Diana hath felt some motions of love;
Shakes AsYou (IV.3): Whiles you chid me, I did love; / How then might your prayers move! / He that brings this love to thee ' Little knows this love in me:
A&C (III.4) ANTONY: for our faults / Can never be so equal, that your love / Can equally move with them.
Sonnet 149: Canst thou, O cruel! say I love thee not, ... / What merit do I in myself respect, / That is so proud thy service to despise, / When all my best doth worship thy defect, / Commanded by the motion of thine eyes? / But, love, hate on, for now I know thy mind; / Those that can see thou lovest, and I am blind.

Legal term: OATH ... Protestation.
Lodge Wounds (I.1.212-13) SCILLA: Whose oaths hath pierced and searched the deepest vast, / Aye, and whose protestations reign on earth,
Anon. Woodstock (I.3.11) LANCASTER: by oaths and loyal protestations ...
Leir (12.93-95) GONORILL: These things (although it be not so) / Yet thou must affirm them to be true, / With oaths and protestations as will serve,
Arden (V.5.15) ALICE: What cannot oaths and protestations do / When men have opportunity to woo?
Shakes LLL (I.1) BIRON: I can but say their protestation over; / So much, dear liege, I have already sworn, / That is, to live and study here three years.
H5 (V.2) KING: But, before God, / Kate, I cannot look greenly nor gasp out my / eloquence, nor I have no cunning in protestation; / only downright oaths, which I never use till urged, / nor never break for urging.
Note: "Protestation" a favored Shakespeare word.

Legal term: PARDON ... Resign.
Anon. Leir (24.210) LEIR: Then I will rise to satisfy your mind, / But kneel again, til pardon be resigned.
0. Shakes Tempest (V.1.) ALONSO: Thy dukedom I resign and do entreat / Thou pardon me my wrongs.

Legal term: PERJURED.
Golding Ovid (III.810): Like perjured Caitiffs, by the Sea and all the Gods thereof,
(VI.686): But to th' intent, O perjured wretch, no mischief may remain
Lyly Once in Endymion, Woman in Moon; none in Campaspe, Gallathea, Sapho, Midas, Bombie
Greene Pandosto used twice, Selimus once, James IV once.
Marlowe Dido used twice, T2 used twice, Massacre used once.
Kyd Sp Tr used twice; Sol&Per used four times.
Anon. Leir (24.253-54) KING: Let me be counted for the perjurdst man, That ever spake word since the world began.
Mucedorus used once, Arden used three times, Weakest used twice.
Note: A favored Shakespeare word (30 uses).

Legal term: PROSECUTE ... Act/other inanimate noun.
Golding Ovid Met (IX.330-31): ... Cruelly he prosecutes the hate / Upon the offspring, which he bare against the father late.
Oxford letter (7-13-76, to Lord Birghley): and that you mean afterward to prosecute the cause with further hope.
Greene James IV (I.Epi.32) BOHAN: Now mark my talk and prosecute my jig.
Kyd Sp Tr (III.4.39) LORENZO: I lay the plot: he prosecutes the point;
Anon. Woodstock (I.1.116-17) WOODSTOCK: Good Lord Mayor, I do beseech ye prosecute / With your best care a means for all our safeties.
Leir (17.48): RAGAN: But yet, before thou prosecute the act,
Ironside (V.2.228-29) CANUTUS: that thus I crave thee stay, but that I want / the use of breath to prosecute the fight.
Marprelate Tract 1: What, should I prosecute the condemnation of this man,
Willobie (LXIII.title) H. W. prosecuteth his suit.
Drayton ... Oldcastle (III.1.144-45) COBHAM: And what good may redound unto the land / By prosecuting of this enterprise.
(V.9.21-22) BISHOP: Well, our affairs do call us back to London, / So that we cannot prosecute the cause,

Legal terms: Call in QUESTION; NECK-VERSE.
Gosson Abuse: Though he be called in question of his life, he hath shifts enough ...
Vaux Devices (92.6): Until such time to pleaseth the judge, the truth in question call:
Lyly Campaspe (I.1.15) CLYTUS: You mistake me Parmenio, if whilst I commend Alexander you imagine I call Philip into question;
Marlowe Jew of Malta (IV.1) PILIA-BORZA. Upon mine own free-hold, within forty foot of the gallows, conning his neck-verse,
Edw 2 (I.4.152) QUEEN: But thou must call mine honor thus in question?
(II.4.55) QUEEN: Mine honor will be call'd in question;
Greene Card (para. 134): when the string is broken, it is hard to hit the white, and when a man's credit is called in question, persuasions can little prevail.
Harvey 3d letter: I can easily defy the proudest that dareth call my credit in question, ... Or seeing some matters of fame are called in question,
Anon. Leir (12.50-52) MESS: Madam, I hope your Grace will stand / Between me and my neck-verse, if I be / Called in question, for opening the King's letters.
(15.34) RAGAN: He had bin call'd in question for his fact.
Martin's Protestation: wherein either life, goods or good name is called in question,
Tracts: let not our places be called in question,
Shakes 12th (I.4) VIOLA: that / you call in question the continuance of his love:
T&C (III.2) PANDARUS: ... if she call your activity in question. ... / wherein either life, goods, or good name is called in question,
(IV.4) TROILUS: I do not call your faith in question / So mainly as my merit: ...
JC (IV.3) BRUTUS: And call in question our necessities.
Chapman D'Olive (II.2.151-52) : D'OLIVE: and yet newly / Called into question; ...
Bible: Allusion to neck verse opens the 51st Psalm (No Match).

Legal term: RATIFY love.
Anon. Leir (3.69) RAGAN: To ratify my love before your eyes:
Shakes MV (III.2) BASSANIO: Fair lady, by your leave; / I come by note, to give and to receive. / Like one of two contending in a prize, / That thinks he hath done well in people's eyes, / Hearing applause and universal shout, / Giddy in spirit, still gazing in a doubt / Whether these pearls of praise be his or no; / So, thrice fair lady, stand I, even so; / As doubtful whether what I see be true, / Until confirm'd, sign'd, ratified by you.

Legal term: REDRESS wrong.
Brooke Romeus (270): Ne can he claim of her his right, ne crave redress of wrong.
Gascoigne Supposes (iii.) DAMON: appointed to minister justice for the redress of wrongs:
(III.) PHILAGANO: no higher powers whom I may complain unto for redress of these wrongs?
D. S. Devices (22.8): The Rulers may redress each wrong:
Marlowe Dido (IV.2.22) IARBUS: Redress these wrongs, and warn him to his ships
Kyd Sp Tr (III.6.4) HEIR: For all our wrongs, can compass no redress.
Greene G a G (II.3.153-56) KENDAL: Why, George, I rise not against King Edward, / but for the poor that is oppressed by wrong; and if King / Edward will redress the same,
Anon. Leir (8.27) PERILLUS: Would I were able to redress his wrong.
(10.106) PERILLUS: By force of Arms for to redress your wrong.
(24.260) KING: Come, let's to arms for to redress this wrong:
Weakest (x.4) SHAMONT: But by pursuit, seek to redress your wrongs,
(xv) LODOWICK: That Lodwick shall receive redress of wrongs?
Arden (III.1.47) FRANKLIN: Looking for ways for redress of wrong;
Penelope (I.6): His wit doth Orphans wrong redress,
Lyly Bombie (V.3) HACKNEY: Nay soft, take us with you; and seek redress for our wrongs,

Legal terms: Seek RELIEF; DUES ... Pay; SWORN .. Dare.
Oxford poem (Revenge of Wrong.3): But some device shall pay Despite his due;
Edwards Dam&Pith (1730) CARI: I am driven to seek relief abroad, alas! I know not whither.
Gascoigne ... Jocasta (IV.1.374) CHORUS: And look how fast, to death man pays his due,
(V.I.20) CREON: May pay the due that to the dead pertains,
Greene Card: the debt being due he shall by constraint of law and his own confession ... be forced to make restitution. ... you are like either to pay your due unto death or still to linger in distress.
Anon. Leir (24.189) LEIR: And now I am constrained to seek relief / Of her, to whom I have been so unkind; / Whose censure, if it do award me death, / I must confess she pays me but my due: / But if she show a loving daughter's part, / It comes of God and her, not my desert.
CORDELLA: No doubt she will, I dare be sworn she will.
(22.72) AMB: My King and Queen, I dare be sworn, are free
Locrine (IV.2.9) LOCRINE: now cursed Humber hast thou paid thy due,
0. Willobie (XLIV.4): Yet sew and seek for no relief.
1. Shakes LLL (V.2) BIRON: Pay him the due of honey-tongued Boyet.
2H4 (IV.5) PRINCE: Thy due from me / Is tears and heavy sorrows of the blood, / Which nature, love, and filial tenderness, / Shall, O dear father, pay thee plenteously: / My due from thee is this imperial crown, ...
0. Drayton ... Oldcastle (I.2.98) KING: Did cause the same? I dare be sworn, good knight,

Legal term: RESTRAIN ... Pension/other benefit
Golding Ovid Met (XIII.461) ... Or if from me this armor you restrain,
Anon. Leir (8.20) PERILLUS: His pension he hath half restrained from him,
Shakes Three uses of "pension", including King Lear.

Legal term: SEQUESTER.
Kyd Sp Tr (III.9.2) BEL-IMP: Why am I thus sequestered from the Court?
Anon. Leir (12.2) CORNWALL: Hath sequestered thy father from our presence,
Shakes AsYou (II.1) 1 LORD: To the which place a poor sequester'd stag, ... Did come to languish,
Titus (II.3) BASSANIUS: Why are you sequester'd from all your train, ...
Oth (III.4) OTH: ... this hand of yours requires / A sequester from liberty, ...
Golding Calvin on Psalms, ded. to Oxford.

Legal term: SUIT ... Deny.
Greene GaG (V.1.110) EDWARD: He will not deny King Edward such a suit.
Shakes 1H6 (V.3) SUFFOLK: How canst thou tell she will deny thy suit, / Before thou make a trial of her love?
3H6 (III.2) KING EDW: Her suit is now to repossess those lands; / Which we in justice cannot well deny,
GLOUCESTER: Your highness shall do well to grant her suit; / It were dishonor to deny it her
H8 (V.3) KING: I have a suit which you must not deny me;
Anon. Leir (1.86) LEIR: This said, she cannot well deny my suit,
Willobie (XXVII.5): Let not my suit be flat denied, / And what you want, shall be supplied.

Legal term: SURCEASE ... SUIT.
Thos. Cromwell (1538): The king's pleasure is that..you do Surceese and cause the party to surcease frome any further suit.
Anon. Leir (7.105-106) CORDELLA: Thy King will hold thee wise, if thou surcease / The suit,
Penelope (VI.2): Surcease your cases to complain, / Your losses leave so much to moan;
Leic Gh. (1802): The heavens compelled me to surcease my suit,

Legal term: TRY the worst of woe.
Lodge Wounds (II.1.125) GRANIUS: Why, Scilla, I am armed the worst to try.
Greene Selimus (15.57-58): Bajazet: The worst that can befall me is but death, / 'Tis that would end my woeful misery.
Anon. Leir (10.107) LEIR: I am resolv'd to try the worst of woe.

Legal term: Prove ... TITLE; Reward Parricide ... Example ... Penance; Prosecute ... Revenge.
Pickering Horestes (420-431): HORESTES: Who offendeth the love of God, and eke man's love with willing heart / Must by [that] love have punishment as duty due for his dessert. / For me therefor to punish here, as law of gods and man doth will, / Is not a crime, though that I do, as thou dost say, my mother kill.
NATURE: The cruel beasts that range in fields, whose jaws to blood are wet, / Do not consent their mothers' paunch in cruel wise to eat: / The tiger fierce doth not desire the ruin of his kind; / And shall Dame Nature now in thee such tyranny once find / As not the cruel beasts vouchsafe to do in aney case? / Leave now, I say, Horestes mine, and to my words give place, / Lest that of men this fact of thine may judged for to be / Ne law, in sooth, ne justice eke, but cruel tyranny.
Greene Orl Fur (IV.1.33) MANDRICARD: To prosecute revenge against Marsilius,
(attrib) Selimus (II.1.127-34) SELIMUS: And yet I think, think other what they will, / That parricide, when death hath given them rest, / Shall have as good a part as have the best; / And that's just nothing: for as I suppose / In Death's void kingdom reigns eternal Night, / Secure of evil and secure of foes, / Where nothing doth the wicked man affright, / No more than him that dies in doing right.
See also 26.3-13.
Anon. Leir (22.103-108) CAMBRIA: But I will prove her title to be nought / But shame, and the reward of Parricide, / And make her an example to the world, / For after-ages to admire her penance. / This will I do, as I am Cambrian King, / Or lose my life, to prosecute revenge.
Ironside (I.1.38-39) CANTERBURY: I would with lance approve his title naught and plead your coronation with my sword.
(V.2.198-99) EDMUND: and in single fight / approve my title lawful, good and right.
Disp. Greene's Groat: and as ye would deal with so many parricides, cast them into the fire; ...
Shakes Lear (II.1) EDMUND Persuade me to the murder of your lordship; / But that I told him, the revenging gods / 'Gainst parricides did all their thunders bend;
(V.3) REGAN: [to Edmund] Let the drum strike, and prove my title thine.
A&C (V.2) CLEOPATRA: Now to that name my courage prove my title!
Titus (IV.1) MARCUS: That we will prosecute by good advice / Mortal revenge upon these traitorous Goths,
Bible 1 Tim 1.9 refers to parricides, "murtherers of fathers and mothers" (No Match).

Legal terms: WITNESS ... intent; RECORD ... Bear.
Golding Abraham (Pro.44) Anon shall bear me record in your sight.
Brooke Romeus (2028-29): And eke my blood unto the earth bear record how that I / Have kept my faith unbroke,
Marlowe Jew of Malta (II.1) BARABAS: Thou know'st, and heaven can witness it is true, / That I intend my daughter shall be thine.
Greene Alphonsus (III.1.86) ALBINIUS: Bear record now with what unwilling mind ...
Anon.Woodstock (V.1) WOODSTOCK: If I must die, bear record, righteous heaven, how I have nightly waked for England's good,
Leir (7.90-91) KING: Therefore in witness of my true intent, / Let heaven and earth bear record of my words:
Shakes A&C (IV.9) ENOBARBUS: Be witness to me, O thou blessed moon, / When men revolted shall upon record / Bear hateful memory, poor Enobarbus did / Before thy face repent!

Unmatched Legal Terms
Anon. Leir (1.41-42) NOBLE: My gracious Lord, I heartily do wish, / That God had lent you an heir indubitate (undoubted),
Anon. Leir (1.48) 1 NOBLE: And nothing can revoke the course of fate:
Anon. Leir (3.29-30) LEIR: And pale grim death doth wait upon my steps, / And summons me unto his next Assizes.
Anon. Leir (4.23-24) KING: Yet first I will enjoin you to observe / Some few conditions which I shall propose.
Anon. Leir (6.36-37) LEIR: Cease, good my Lords, and sue not to reverse / Our censure, which is now irrevocable.
0. Anon. Leir (6.38) LEIR: We have dispatched letters of contract
Anon. Leir (7.41): CORDELLA: I will profess and vow a maiden's life.
Anon. Leir (7.104) CORDELLA: Hath light on me, and quite reversed the case.
Anon. Leir (7.145) MUMFORD: That swears (without exception) I will have you.
Anon. Leir (10.22-23) GONORILL: But I will take an order, if I can, / To cease th' effect, where first the cause began.
Anon. Leir (12.26) GONORILL: That his report shall ratify my speech,
Anon. Leir (17.50-51): RAGAN: There let him read his own indictment first,
Anon. Leir (18.12) CORNWALL: The truth thereof, I will suspend my judgment.
(22.80-81) CAMBRIA: I suspend my judgment for a time, ...
Anon. Leir (18.61-62) AMB: AMB: To expiate or mitigate his wrath: / For he hath misconveyed without a cause.
Anon. Leir (19.5) PERILLUS: And so am I, but I impute the cause
Anon. Leir (19.198-99) MESS: Shall I relent, or shall I prosecute? / Shall I resolve, or were I best recant?
Anon. Leir (22.33-34) CAMBRIA: Censure not any, till you know the right: Let him be Judge, that bringeth truth to light.

Proverbs
Proverb: CAST beyond the moon (go to extravagant lengths).
Heywood Proverbs, #191: He casteth beyond the moon: great diversity, / Between far casting and wise casting, may be. ... He casteth beyond the moon, what need that be done? / We have casting enough, a this side the moon.
Lyly Euphues: Pardon me, Euphues, it in love I cast beyond the moon, which bringeth us women to endless moan. ...
But I will not cast beyond the moon, for that in all things I know there must be a moon.
Bombie (II.2.6-7) STELLIO: Without doubt Riscio hath gone beyond himself in casting beyond the moon.
Lodge Rosalind: you rove beyond the Moon; and cast your looks upon my Mistress,
Greene Card of Fancy (para. 79): Why dost thou cast beyond the moon and fear before thou art in danger to fall,
Pandosto (para 5): began to cast beyond the Moon
Harvey 4th letter: Some are cunning, & can imaginatively cast beyond the moon,
Anon. Leir (24.10) CORDELLA: Lord, how they labor to bestir themselves, / And in their quirks to go beyond the Moon, / And so take on them with such antic fits,
Munday John a Kent (I.1.36): SIR GRIFFIN: To see how Powys casts beyond the Moon,
Shakes Titus (IV.3.75): My lord, I aim a mile beyond the moon, ...
See Tilley, Elizabethan Proverb Lore, #75.

Proverb: DELAYS are dangerous.
Golding Ovid Met. (VI.597): Delay was deadly.
(XI.432): Delay breeds loss.
Watson Hek (LIX.comment): alleging what hurt may grow through her longer delay.
Greene Alphonsus (II.2.197) FAUSTA: Delay is dangerous and procureth harm.
(IV.1.49) BELINUS: For mickle danger hapneth through delay.
James IV (V.6.49) QUEEN: But danger hates delay:
Card (para 4): and hastened his son in this his new course lest delay might breed danger
(47): but at last perceiving delay bred danger,
(125): lest too long delay should breed too great danger,
(195): let not delay breed danger but strike on the stith while the iron is hot;
(197): you shall find that delay breeds danger, & that procrastination in perils is but the mother of mishap.
(232): Thersandro, (quoth he) it is vain with long talk to pass away the time when delay breeds danger,
Pandosto (para. 10): Egistus fearing that delay might breed danger,
(79): she therefore told him that delay bred danger;
(81): who tarried not long, for fear delay might breed danger,
(115): who willing to obey their King and relieve their young Prince, made no delays, for fear of danger,
Anon. Muce (III.3.1) AMADINE: God grant my long delay procures no harm
Ironside (II.3.124) CANUTUS: the more you delay the time, the worse you speed.
Leir (5.63-64) CAMBRIA: Then let us haste, all danger to prevent, / For fear delays do alter his intent.
Willobie (XXXI.5): That bids you, Do but dally not, / Do so sweet heart, and do not stay, / For dangers grow from sound delay.
Lyly MB (IV.1) Bombie LIVIA: A good question, for that one delay in wedding brings an hundred dangers in the church.
Shakes 1H6 (III.2) REIGNIER: Defer no time, delays have dangerous ends;
Chapman D'Ol (III.1.110) VANDOME: Consider love's delay breeds desperation,
See Tilley, Eliz. Proverb Lore, #145.

Proverb: The DEVIL hath power to assume a pleasing shape.
Anon. Leir (30.73) PERILLUS: Thou fiend in likeness of a human creature.
Dr. Dodypoll also relies on this doctrine in their depictions of an Enchanter who assumes a pleasing shape to win a lovely woman.
Greene Orl Fur (V.1.55) ORL: And so, farewell, thou devil in shape of man.
Nashe Penniless: Why quoth he, although in their proper essence they are creatures incorporal, yet they can take on the inducements of any living body whatsoever, & transform themselves into all kind of shapes, whereby they may more easily deceive our shallow wits and senses.
Shakes MND (III.1) SALANIO: Let me say 'amen' betimes, lest the devil cross my / prayer, for here he comes in the likeness of a Jew.
John (III.1) CONSTANCE: O Lewis, stand fast! the devil tempts thee here / In likeness of a new untrimmed bride.
MWW (V.1) FALSTAFF: ... he beat me grievously, in the shape of a woman; for in the shape of man, Master Brook, I fear not Goliath with a weaver's beam; because I know also life is a shuttle.
Ham (II.2) HAMLET: The spirit that I have seen / May be the devil: and the devil hath power / To assume a pleasing shape.
Peele Wives (856-59) GHOST: But he was a miserable, old, and crooked man, though to / each man's eye he seemed young and fresh; for, master, / this conjurer took the shape of the old man that kept the / cross, and that old man was in the likeness of the conjurer.
Bible 2 Cor 11.14: Satan himself is transformed into an Angel of light.
1 Sam 28.14: To his imagination, albeit it was Satan, who to blind his eyes took upon him the form of Samuel, as he can do of an Angel of light. (No Match)
Note: This belief, a fixture of both Protestant and Catholic doctrine, was a major factor in the witchcraft trials of Europe and the United States.

Proverb: All men must DIE.
Bedingfield Cardanus (II: p. 55a): With the same reason shalt thou be comforted, if thy son be an infant and thine only son (I omit to tell what he may hereafter be) but now he hath hit the mark for which he was born. For is there any other end whereto we were born than death? as the body for the soul, and as sleeping for watching, so was life given unto us for death,
(III. p. 102a) But we are most assured not only to sleep, but also die: and as long to live we cannot, so how far we are from death is to us unknown.
Marshall Devices (39.title) Though Fortune have set thee in high, / Remember yet that thou shalt die.
Anon. Devices (42.47): Like one I live, and so must die, whom Fortune hath forgot.
Loyd Devices (103.53): We live to die, he died to live, we want, and he possessed,
(103.55): Being born to live, he lived to die, and died to God so plain,
(103.90) What lives in time, in time shall die, and yield to Parcas' web.
Edwards Dam&Pith (886-87) DAMON: Weep no more, Stephano; this is but destiny. / Had this not happ'd, yet I know I am born to die;
Gasc Jocasta (III.2.24) MENECEUS: Yet being born (as all men are) to die,
Pettie Palace: carrying this in your remembrance that we ar born to die, and that even in our swathe-clouts death ay ask his due.
Lyly Gallathea (I.1) GALL: Suffer me therefore to die, for which I was born, or let me curse / that I was born, sith I may not die for it.
Anon. Leir (3.25-30) LEIR: Dear Gonorill, kind Ragan, sweet Cordella, / Ye flourishing branches of a Kingly stock, / Sprung from a tree that once did flourish green, / Whose blossoms now are nipped with Winter's frost, / And pale grim death doth wait upon my steps, / And summons me unto his next Assizes.
(19.232-34) LEIR: No doubt, he shall, when by the course of nature, / He must surrender up his due to death: / But that time shall not come, till God permit.
Willobie (LXXIIII.3): When mortal men shall never die,
Shakes Edw3 (IV.4.159-60) PRINCE EDW: Since for to live is but to seek to die, / And dying but beginning of new life.
2H4 (III.2): SHADOW: ... death, / as the Psalmist saith, is certain to all; all shall / die.
Ham (I.2.72) QUEEN: Thou know'st 'tis common, all that lives must die, / Passing through Nature, to Eternity.
See also R&J, JC, Mac, MM, Cymb.
Bible Ps. 89.47 What man is he that liveth, and shall not see death (No Match).
See Tilley, Eliz. Proverb Lore, #152; Erasmus Adagio.

Proverb: The EAGLE kills her young when they stare at the sun.
Watson Hek (XCIX): The haughty AEgle Bird, of Birds the best, / Before the feathers of her younglings grow, / She lifts them one by one from out their nest, / To view the Sun, thereby her own to know; / Those that behold it not with open eye, / She lets them fall, not able yet to fly.
Kyd Sol&Per (III.1.84-88) ERASTUS: As air-bred eagles, if they once perceive / That any of their brood but close their sight / When they should gaze against the glorious sun, / They straightway seize upon him with their talents, / That on the earth it may untimely die
Lodge Rosalind: a true-born bird, since as the one is known by beholding the Sun: so was he by regarding excellent beauty. (Note: an inversion of the proverb.)
But I, unhappy I, have let mine eye soar with the Eagle against so bright a Sun,
Anon. Leir (6.45-47) LEIR: And yet as jealous as the princely Eagle, That kills her young ones, if they do but dazzle Upon the radiant splendor of the Sun.
Fletcher/Shakes TNK (II.2.34-36) ARCITE: and, like young eagles, teach 'em / Boldly to gaze against bright arms and say, / 'Remember what your fathers were, and conquer.'
Note: Invoking the common saying that the eagle stares at the sun, Watson's sonnet contradicts the other examples of this proverb.
Cf. Aristotle Lib. 9 Hist. animal; Pliny Nat. Hist. Lib. 10. cap. 1.
Pliny: Aquila implumes etiamnum pullos suos percutiens, Subinde cogit adversos intueri Solis radios: et si conniventum humectantemque animadvertit, praecipitat e nido, velut adulterinum atque degenerem: illum, cuius acies firma contra steterit, educat.
Now as touching the Haliartos, or the Osprey, she only before that her little ones be feathered, will beat and strike them with her wings, and thereby force them to look full against the Sun beams. Now if she see any one of them to wink, or their eyes to water at the rays of the Sun, she turns it with the head forward out of the nest, as a bastard, and not right; nor none of hers: but bringeth up and cherisheth that whose eye will abide the light of the Sun as she looketh directly upon him.

Proverb: To HOP against the hill.
Spraeta tamen Sundry Flowers. Absent Dame (6): Although I know my labor lost, to hop against the Hill.
Pettie Palace: To hop against the hill, and strike against the stream, hath ever been counted extreme folly.
Greene Card (para 64): To hop against the hill is extreme fondness, to strive against the stream mere folly;
Anon. Leir (20.13) AMB: But she is like to hop without her hope,
See Tilley, Elizabethan Proverb Lore, #349.
Proverb: Spur a willing HORSE.
Greene Ciceronis: Cicero, willing to put a spur to a free horse ...
Lodge Rosalind: The words of Saladine were but spurs to a free horse;
Anon. Leir (26.20) MUMFORD: My liege, tis needless to spur a willing horse,
Shakes Rich2 (IV.1) FITZWATER: How fondly dost thou spur a forward horse!

Proverb: With one NAIL, expel another.
Heywood Proverbs, #112: One nail driveth out another, with strokes so stout: / That the hammer head which driveth them, weareth quite out.
Brooke Romeus (207): And as out of a plank a nail a nail doth drive,
Bedingfield Cardanus (102a): [margin: One misery removeth another.] It cometh to pass in these as it doth in griefs of the body, one Calamity driveth another away.
Lyly Euphues: One love expelleth another ... The fire that burneth taketh away the heat of the burn. ... Driving out the remembrance of his old love with the recording of the new.
Shakes TGV (II.4) PROTEUS: Even as one heat another heat expels, / Or as one nail by strength drives out another,
JC (III.1.171): As fire drives out fire, so pity pity.
Corio (IV.7.54): One fire drives out one fire; one nail, another nail.
Anon. Leir (12.32) GONORILL: Thus with one nail another I'll expel,
Harvey Pierces Super: that must drive out one nail with another
See Tilley, Eliz. Proverb Lore, #410. Probable origin Erasmus Adagio: One nail is driven out by aother nail.
Proverb: Fit to make a PARSON'S wife.
Heywood Proverbs, #238 (Of the parsons leman. / She is as tender as a parsom's leman, / Parsons' lemans are tough enough now and then.
Anon. Leir (6.20) RAGAN: She were right fit to make a Parson's wife:

Proverb: The PELICAN kills itself to save its young.
Anon. Leir (6.43-44) LEIR: I am as kind as is the Pelican, / That kills itself, to save her young ones' lives:
Shakes Edw3 (III.5) PRINCE: A pelican, my Lord, / Wounding her bosom with her crooked beak, / That so her nest of young ones might be fed / With drops of blood that issue from her heart: / The motto Sic et vos, "And so should you."
Ham (IV.5) LAERTES: To his good friends thus wide I'll ope my arms; / And like the kind life-rendering pelican, / Repast them with my blood.
Lear (III.4) LEAR: Death, traitor! nothing could have subdued nature / To such a lowness but his unkind daughters. / Is it the fashion, that discarded fathers / Should have thus little mercy on their flesh? / Judicious punishment! 'twas this flesh begot / Those pelican daughters.

Proverbs: PHOENIX ... legend and Eliz. literary derivatives.
Pliny abstract: ... But the Phoenix of Arabia passeth all others. Howbeit, I cannot tell what to make of him: and first of all, whether it be a tale or no, that there is never but one of them in the whole world, and the same not commonly seen. By report he is as big as an Eagle: for color, as yellow & bright as fold; (namely, all about the neck;) the rest of the body a deep red-purple: the tail azure blue, intermingled with feathers among, of rose cornation color: and the head bravely adorned with a crest and pennache [tuft or plume] finely wrought; having a tuft and plume thereupon, right fair and goodly to be seen. Manilius, the noble Roman Senator, ... was the first man of the long Robe [fellowship], who wrote of this bird at large, & most exquisitely. He reporteth, that never man was known to see him feeding: that in Arabia he is held a sacred bird, dedicated unto the Sun: that he liveth 660 years: and when he groweth old, and begins to decay, he builds himself a nest with the twigs and branches of the Canel or Cinamon, and Frankincense trees: and when he hath filled it with all sort of sweet Aromatical spices, yeeldeth up his life thereupon. He saith moreover, that of his bones & marrow there breedeth at first as it were a little worm: which afterwards proveth to be a pretty bird. And the first thing that this young new Phoenix doth, is to perform the obsequies of the former Phoenix late deceased: to translate and carry away his whole next into the city of the Sun [Baalbek] near Panchaea, and to bestow it full devoutly there upon the altar. The same Manilius affirmeth, that the revolution of the great year so much spoken of, agreeth just with the life of this bird: in which year the stars return again to their first points, and give signification of times and seasos, as at the beginning: and withal, that this year should begin at high noon, that very day when the Sun entreth the sige Aries. ... (Cf. Eliz. Zoo, p. 138.)
OED Abstract: A mythical bird, of gorgeous plumage, fabled to be the only one of its kind, and to live five or six hundred years in the Arabian desert, after which it burnt itself to ashes on a funeral pile of aromatic twigs ignited by the sun and fanned by its own wings, but only to emerge from its ashes with renewed youth, to live through another cycle of years. (Abstract from the OED.)
Gosson Abuse: as the Phoenix in Arabia, without a fellow.
Golding Ovid Met (XV.432-448): One bird there is that doth renew itself and as it were / Beget itself continually. The Syrians name it there / A Phoenix. Neither corn nor herbs this Phoenix liveth by, / But by the juice of frankincense and gum of Amomy. / And when that of his life well full five hundred years are past, / Upon a Holmtree or upon a Date tree at the last / He makes him with his talons and his hardened bill a nest. / Which when that he with Casia sweet and Nardus soft hath dressed, / And strewed it with cynamon and Myrrha of the best, / He rucketh down upon the same, and in the spices dies. / Soon after, of the father's corce men say there doth arise / Another little Phoenix which as many years must live / As did his father. He (as soon as age doth strength him give / To bear the burden) from the tree the weighty nest doth lift, / And godly his cradle thence and father's hearse doth shift. / And flying through the subtle air he gets to Phebus' town, / And there before the temple door doth lay his burden down.
Bedingfield Cardanus: Because he maketh no mention either of the Phoenix the Crow, the Raven or the Stag: nor affirmeth them to be of longest life.
Watson Hek (XI): O Golden bird and Phoenix of our age,
(XVII.comment): The Author not yet having forgotten the song of his mistress, maketh her in this passion a second Phoenix, though not of Arabia, and yet no less acceptable to Apollo, than is that bird of Arabia.
(XVII): She Phoenix is, though not of Araby; / And yet the plumes about her neck are bright, / And Sol himself in her hath chief delight.
XXXIIII: No Bird but one is sacred to the sun.
(XLIIII): The Phoenix so revives amidst the air / By virtue of that Sun which all men view:
Golding Ded. of Psalms to Lord Oxford: I assure your Lordship I write not these things as though I suspected you to be digressed from that soundness and sincerity wherein you were continually trained and traded under that vigilant Ulysses of our commonwealth, sometime your Lordship's careful Chiron or Phoenix, and now your faithful Patroclus,
Vaux Devices (91.29-30): In time at Phenix ends her care and carks, / I make the fire, and burn myself with sparks.
Oxford Tournament speech: The world can hold but one phoenix, one Alexander, one sun-tree;
Munday Zelauto: Oh Sir, never can my tongue give half a quarter of the praise, that is due to that rare Arabian Phoenix. Were Mars himself alive: he would stand aghast at her Heavenly behavior.
Lyly Euphues: For as there is but one Phoenix in the world, so is there but one tree in Arabia wherein she guildeth; and as there is but one Camilla to be heard of, so is there but one Caesar that she will like of.
Campaspe (Blackfriar's Pro): Feathers appear not on the Phoenix under seven months
Gallathea (V.2.) HAEBE: And who so cutteth the incense tree in Arabia before it fall, comitteth sacrilege.
Sapho (V.1.13-14) VENUS: This arrow is feathered with the Phoenix' wing and headed with the Eagle's bill:
Endymion (III.4.145): But friends to be found, are like the phoenix in Arabia, but one.
Woman/Moon (III.2.159) IPHICLES: [will me] To fetch the feathers of the Arabian bird,
Lodge Wounds (285-290) SCILLA: Oh Flaccus, if th'Arabian Phoenix strive / By nature's warning to renew her kind, / When soaring nigh the glorious eye of heaven / She from her cinders doth revive her sex, / Why should not Scilla learn by her to die, / That erst have been the Phoenix of this land?
Rosalind: that with the Phoenix knew the term of his life was now expired, ... Love's burning brand is couched in my breast, / Making a Phœnix of my faintful heart: ... Of all chaste birds the Phœnix doth excel, ... the most fairest of all fairs, the Phoenix of all that sex, ... mids these pains, all Phœnix-like I thrive, / Since love that yields me death, may life revive.
Greene Card (para 25): as the bird halcyones delighteth to view the feathers of the phoenix,
Selimus (20.10-14) SELIMUS: Thus after he has five long ages lived, / The sacred phoenix of Arabia / Loadeth his wings with precious perfumes / And on the altar of the golden sun / Offers himself a grateful sacrifice.
Ciceronis: yet Lentulus, to content her, plays like the phoenix, burns in his own perfumes, ...
Nashe Penniless: and if one ask them what it is? they make answer, a plume of the Phoenix, whereof there is but one in all the whole world.
Astrophel: Dear Astrophel, that in the ashes of thy Love / livest again like the Phoenix;
Absurdity: coveting with the phoenix to approach so nigh to the sun that they are scorched with his beams and confounded with his brightness.
Unf Trav: Her high exalted sunbeams have set the Phoenix nest of my breast on fire,
Summers (1688-90) CHRISTMAS: I must rig ships to Samos / for Peacocks, to Paphos for Pigeons, to Austria for Oysters, to Phasis for Pheasants, / to Arabia for Phoenixes,
Anon. Leir (16.46): KING: Mirror of virtue, Phoenix of our age!
Willobie (I.31): This rare-seen bird, this Phoenix sage
Prison Pent: Rest then (my heart) and keep thine old delight, / Which like the Phoenix waxeth young each day:
Leic Gh. (1198-1202: The bear was ready evermore to watch, ... / That the sole bird that hath the flaming crest / Should in Arabia build no stately nest,
Shakes 1H6 (IV.7) LUCY: I'll bear them hence; but from their ashes shall be rear'd / A phoenix that shall make all France afeard.
3H6 (I.4) YORK: ... as the phoenix, may bring forth / A bird that will revenge upon you all:
Sonnet 19: And burn the long-lived phoenix in her blood;
AsYou (IV.3) ROS: She calls me proud, and that she could not love me, / Were man as rare as phoenix.
Cymb (I.6) IACHIMO: If she be furnish'd with a mind so rare, / She is alone the Arabian bird,
Tempest (III.3) SEBASTIAN: ... Now I will believe / That there are unicorns, that in Arabia / There is one tree, the phoenix' throne, one phoenix / At this hour reigning there.
Timon (II.1): SENATOR: Lord Timon will be left a naked gull, / Which flashes now a phoenix.
A&C (III.2) AGRIPPA: O Antony! O thou Arabian bird!
H8 (V.5) CRANMER Nor shall this peace sleep with her: but as when / The bird of wonder dies, the maiden phoenix, / Her ashes new create another heir, / As great in admiration as herself;
See also The Phoenix and the Turtle, creating an autonomous phoenix.
Fletcher & Shakes TNK (I.3.69-71) EMILIA: commit it / To the like innocent cradle, where phoenix-like, / They died in perfume.
See Tilley, Eliz. Proverb Lore, #271.

Proverb: PROMISE is a debt.
Hill Devices (14.1-2): In my accompt, the promise that is vowed, / Among the good, is holden such a debt:
Munday Zelauto: Indeed sir, promise is due debt we say, ... / A promise may always be claimed for a due debt,
Lyly Euphues: Yet knowing promise to be debt, I will pay it ...
Anon. Leir (21.43) MUMFORD: For promise is debt, & by this hand you promised it me.
Harvey 2d letter: Promise is debt, and I had rather perform, than promise anything but a mind desirous to pleasure friends, to reconcile foes, to displease few, to displeasure none.
Pierce's Super: Some promises are desperate debts, and many threatenings empty clouds, or rather armies fighting in the air, terrible visions.
Oxford letter (7-1600, to Sir Rbt Cecil): ..., or when her Majesty may have an easier opportunity to discharge the debt of so many hopes, as her promises have given me cause to embrace,
See Tilley, Eliz. Proverb Lore, #507.

Proverb: SINK or swim.
Greene Card (para 25): alate swimming in rest and now sinking in care,
(165): Shall he swim in wealth and I sink in want?
Anon. Leir (24.159) LEIR: I turned her from me to go sink or swim:
Shakes 1H4 (I.3) HOTSPUR: If he fall in, good night! or sink or swim:

Proverb: TRY your friend before you trust him.
Brooke Romeus (1265): In doubtful hap ay best, a trusty friend is tried,
(2289): Even from the trusty nurse, whose secretness was tried,
Heywood Devices: (12.10-12): Be friend to all, familiar but to few: / Too light of credit, see thou never be, / For trial oft in trust, doth treason show.
Kindlemarch Devices (18.40): So trusty friends, by tried friends are found.
D. S. Devices (26.Title): Try before you trust.
Hill Devices (68, 90.Title): Try and then trust
Vaux Devices (90.title): Try before you trust
Whetstone Devices (110.17): Like well thy friend, but try him are thou love,
(110.57): Try are thou trust, thy faith lest falsehood 'quite,
Lyly Euphues: Trial maketh trust ... Trial shall prove trust ... Thou has tried me, therefore trust me. ... Friends are tried before they are to be trusted. ... Trust them that thou hast tried ... Upon trial you confess you would trust.
Lodge Rosalind: so try and then trust, let time be touchstone of friendship,
Fain would I trust, but yet I dare not try.
Greene Card of Fancy (para 5): Be a friend to all & a foe to none, and yet trust not without trial,
(8): and from henceforth try ere thou trust.
(18): , the trust you repose in my truth without sufficient trial,
(204) or to make trial of thy troth when thy words can have no trust?
(232): If it please thee to trust me without trial,
Anon. Tr Trag Rich3 (316) SHORE'S WIFE: For I think I shall be driven to try my friends one day.
Leir (19.101): PERILLUS: Mistrust not him, but try him when thou wilt:
Willobie (I.3): This have I tried; This dare I trust,
(XX.3): To force me try, or make me trust
(LII.2): Which though untried, yet we must trust,
(Res.5): To force my mind, to try a trustless trade.
Aesop Fable of the Dog and the Hare: No one can be a friend if you know not whether to trust or distrust him.
See Tilley, Eliz. Proverb Lore, #651.

Proverb: Better to have than WISH.
Heywood Proverbs, #272: Better to have than wish, nay ye may so crave, / That better to wish ten times than once to have. ... Otherwise: Better to have than wish, not alway cousin, / What if ye rashly wished stripes now a dozen. ... Otherwise: Better to have than wish. better have as we have, / Than to have at wish all that wishers would crave.
My Luck is Loss Devices (45.36): What boots to wish and never to obtain.
Greene Pandosto: Happy are such, Bellaria, that curse Fortune for contempt, not fear, and may wish they were, not sorrow they have been.
Anon. Leir (13.13-16-) CORDELLA: I cannot wish the thing that I do want; / I cannot want the thing but I may have, / Save only this which I shall ne're obtain, / My father's love, oh this I ne're shall gain.
Aesop Fable: If men had all they wished, they would be often ruined.

Proverb: Happy the WOOING that's not long doing.
Anon. Devices (78.21-22): Thrice happy is that wooing, / That is not long a doing,
Munday Zelauto: for he that speedeth at the first: wooeth well, ...
Anon. Fam Vic (1375-78) HENRY 5: I cannot do as these Countries do, / That spend half their time in wooing. / Tush wench, I am none such, / But wilt thou go over to England?
Leir (7.155) MUMFORD: I like the wooing, that's not long a doing.
Lodge Rosalind: if all maidens were of her mind, the world would grow to a mad pass; for there would be great store of wooing and little wedding, ... I see well where Love leads delay is loathsome, and that small wooing serves, where both the parties are willing.
Shakes T&C (I.2) CRESSIDA: Women are angels, wooing: / Things won are done; joy's soul lies in the doing.

Proverb: A WORD spoken is past recalling. When the WORD is out, it belongs to another.
Edwards Dam&Pith (842-43) DION: I would dispatch this Damon fain; / But this foolish fellow so chargeth me that I may not call back my word again.
Lyly Euphues: ... whatever is babbled out, cannot again be recalled.
Greene Alphonsus (V.3.94-95) ALPHONSUS: Woman, away! My word is gone and past; / Now, if I would, I cannot call it back;
Anon. Woodstock (I.3.155-56) KING: Our word, good Uncle, is already passed, / Which cannot with our honor be recalled:
Arden (I.1.192-93) ALICE: What were thy words and mine? Did we not both / Decree to murder Arden in the night?
Leir (19.192-93) MESS: I would that word were in his belly again, / It hath frightened me even to the very heart:
(19.200-203) MESS: I will not crack my credit with two Queens, / To whom I have already passed my word. / Oh, but my conscience for this act doth tell, / I get heaven's hate, earth's scorn, and pains of hell.
Shakes Ham (III.2.97-99) KING: I have nothing with this answer Hamlet, these / words are not mine. -- HAM: No, nor mine.
Edw3 (II.1.433) WARWICK: Why now, thou speak'st as I would have thee speak, / And mark how I unsay my words again.
See Tilley, Eliz. Proverb Lore, 711, 712; Horace Epistolae
Erasmus Familiar Colloquies: But words when they are once out, cannot be called in again.

Proverb: He is wise who speaks few WORDS.
Heywood Devices (96.3): Spend no more words than shall seem fit,
Whetstone Devices (110.21): Shun many words, a sentence short and sweet, / For lavish speech, is cause of much unrest:
Lyly Euphues: A long discourse argueth folly.
Love's Met (III.1) CELIA: To be amorous and not lovely is like a pleasant fool: full of words and no deserts.
Marlowe T1 (II.4.25) TAMB: I would entreat you to speak but three wise words.
Nashe Penniless: Yet wondered he left out thy memory. / But therefore guessed I he suppressed thy name, / Because few words might not co[m]prise thy fame.
Summers (498-99) WINTER: Let him not talk; for he hath words at will, / And wit to make the baddest matter good.
(1000) SUMMER: It is wine's custom to be full of words. / I pray thee, Bacchus, give us vicissitudinem loquendi.
Anon. Leir (12.109-110) LEIR: Few words are best in so small a matter: / These are but trifles.
Chapman D'Olive (IV.2.212-214): MUG: I talk like a fool, but, alas, thou art wise and silent!
ROD: Excellent! And the more wise, the more silent.
Marston Fawn (I.2.183): Wise heads use but few words.
See Tilley, Eliz. Proverb Lore, #716A.

Proverb: WORDS are but wind.
Pickering Horestes (146) VICE: Tut, tut, Rusticus, these words be but wind.
Hill Devices (68.5): But now I see, that words are nought but wind,
Gascoigne Supposes (II.8) SIENNESE: since I have received no greater injury than by words, let them pass like wind, I take them well in worth:
Jocasta (V.5.110] CREON: Thou doest but waste thy words amid the wind.
Lyly Euphues: ... that the painted words were but wind, that feigned sighs were but sleights.
Woman/Moon (II.1.234) STESIAS: Her hardest words are but a gentle wind;
Pettie Palace: ... he shall find their words to be but wind, their faith forgery, ...
Greene Card (para 59): She that is won with a word will be lost with a wind;
Anon. Leir (3.40) GONORILL: Which cannot be in windy words rehearsed,
Ironside (III.1.29-30) CANTERBURY: Stay, York, and hear me speak. Thy puffy words, / thy windy threats, thy railing curses,
Arden (I.1.436-37) ALICE: ... oaths are words, and words is wind, / And wind is mutable.
Shakes Errors (III.1) DROMO/EPHESUS: A man may break a word with you, sir, and words are but wind, / Ay, and break it in your face, so he break it not behind.
Ado (V.2) BEATRICE: A man may break a word with you, sir, and words are but wind, / Ay, and break it in your face, so he break it not behind.
Lucrece (190): And sorrow ebbs, being blown with wind of words.
Pass Pilg (XXI): Words are easy, like the wind;
Nashe Summers (1489) SUMMER: Words have their course, the wind blows where it lists;
Munday Zelauto (p. 178): ... this is but a trifle, and your words are now to be esteemed as wind,
John a Kent (I.1.4) SIR GRIFFIN: Wind-breathed words are vainer than the wind;
Huntington (III.17) ROBIN: For the rough storm thy windy words hath raised
Chapman D'Olive (II.2.244-46) D'Olive: whether by answering a fool I should myself seem / no less; or by giving way to his wind (for words are but / wind) might betray the cause;
See Tilley, Eliz. Proverb Lore, #713.

Biblical/Religious References

BLESSING ... Abraham ... Juda.
Anon. Leir (24.232 ff.) LEIR: The blessing, which the God of Abraham gave / Unto the tribe of Juda, light on thee, / And multiply thy days, that thou mayst see / Thy childrens' children prosper after thee. / Thy faults, which are just none that I do know, / God pardon on high, and I forgive below.
Shake H8 (V.4.51-52): His honor and the greatness of his name / Shall be, and make new nations.
Bible Genesis 12.2-3; 14.19; 17.4-6; 17.16; 18.18; 22.17-18 (No Match).

BURY ... Oblivion.
Oxford Bedingfield letter (1573): through which infirmity you are desirous to bury and insevil your works in the grave of oblivion:
Nashe Penniless: First, for the subject of them (for the most part) it is borrowed out of our English Chronicles, wherein our forefathers' valiant acts (that have line long buried in rusty brass, and worm-eaten books) are revived, and they themselves raised from the Grave of oblivion, and brought to plead their aged Honors in open presence:
Anon. Ironside (II.3.38-39) CANUTUS: ... whereas the memory of present death / is quickly buried in oblivion,
(V.1.110-111) EDMUND: Bury unkindness in oblivion / and ne'er remember our suspicion.
Leir (16.22) KING: And bury them, where black oblivion lies.
Shakes AWEW (V.3) KING: The nature of his great offence is dead, / And deeper than oblivion we do bury / The incensing relics of it:
Bible: Matt. 6.19 Lay not up treasures for yourselves upon the earth, where the moth & canker corrupt, & where thieves dig through, and steal. (MARKED)

CHERUBINS ... Heaven.
Marlowe Tamb 2 (II.4.26-30) Tamb: The Cherubins and holy Seraphins / That sing and play before the king of kings, / Use all their voices and their instruments / To entertain divine Zenocrate.
Kyd Sp Tr (III.8.17-20) HIER: To heaven: aye, there sits my Horatio, / Backed with a troop of fiery Cherubins / Dancing about his newly-healed wounds, / Singing sweet hymns and chanting heavenly notes:
Anon. Leir (1.2-4): LEIR: Of our (too late) deceased and dearest Queen, Whose soul I hope, possessed of heavenly joys, Doth ride in triumph 'mongst the Cherubins;
Bible 1 Sam 4.4 The people sent to Shiloh, & brought from thence the Ark of the covenant of the Lord of hosts, who dwelleth between the Cherubims: ...; 2 Sam. 6.2, 22.11 (No Match).

CONDEMN ... Crime (spare the innocent).
Gascoigne ... Jocasta (III.1.224-27) CREON: Can heavens condemn but him alone to die?
TYRESIAS: We ought believe the cause is good and just.

CREON: Unjust is he condemns the innocent. / Great folly to accuse the gods.
D.S. Devices (29l.2): Instead of wrong, condemn not right, no hidden wrath to wreak:
Harvey Pierce: It is vanity to control that true honor hath practised, and folly to condemn that right wisdom hath allowed.
Anon. Leir (24.202) CORDELLA: Condemn not all, because of other's crime:
Pasquil Apology (Para. 18): Are Christ and the Apostle to be condemned for heretics, because the one stood up in the Synagogue on the Sabbath day to read, the other chargeth Timothy to give attendance to reading till he come?
Bible Genesis 18.26 And the Lord answered, If I shall find in Sodom fifty fighteous within the city, then will I spre all the place for their sakes. Note: God declareth that his judgments were done in great mercy, forasmuch as all were so corrupt, that not only fifty, but ten righteous men could not be found there and also that the wicked are spared for the righteous sake (MARKED).

DEATH ... Long life ... Misery.
Vaux Devices (16.30-36) The days be long, that hang upon desert, / The life is irk of joys that be delayed: / The time is short, for to requite the smart, / That doth proceed of promise long unpaid, / That to the last of this my fainting breath, / I wish exchange of life, for happy death.
Marshall (39.37-38): If thou have led thy life aright, / Death is the end of misery:
Watson Hek (LXIX.Comment): In the residue he entreateth a better aspect of the Planets, to the end that either his life may be inclined to a more happy course, or his death be hastened, to end all his misery at once.
Greene Selimus (15.31-32) BAJAZET: How shall he live, that full of misery / Calleth for death, which will not let him die?
(15.57-58): Bajazet: The worst that can befall me is but death, / 'Tis that would end my woeful misery.
Kyd Sp Tr (IV.5.47) REVENGE: For here though death hath end their misery,
Anon. Woodstock (III.2) WOODSTOCK: I would my death might end the misery my fear presageth to my wretched country.
Leir (19.312-13) LEIR: Death had been better welcome unto me, / Than longer life to add more misery.
Marlowe Edw2 (V.3.2-3) MATREVIS: Men are ordain'd to live in misery; / Therefore come, dalliance dangereth our lives.
Bible Job 3.20-26 Wherefore it the light given to him that is in misery and life unto them that hav heavy hearts? Which long for death, & if it come not, they would even search it more than treasures: Which joy for gladness and rejoice, when they can find the grave. Why is the light given to the man whose way is hid, & whom God hath hedged in? For the thing I feared is come upon me, and the thing I was afraid of, is come unto me. I had no peace, neither had I quietness, neither had I rest, yet trouble is come (No Match).

DEATH ... Lord receive me; Die ... in charity.
Golding Ovid Met (XIII.1031-34): I scared therewith dopped underneath the water, and the knight / Simethus turning straight his back, did give himself to flight, / And cried: Help me Galate, help parents I you pray, / And in your kingdom me receive who perish must straightway.
(XIV.974-76): Whom if the fatal sisters three / Will of their gracious goodness grant me leave but once to see, / I shall account me into heaven received for to be.
Edwards Dam&Pith (1497) EUB: The gods receive thy simple ghost into the heavens above!
Greene Selimus (22.83-84) CORCUT: Selim, farewell. Thou God of Christians, / Receive my dying soul into thy hands.
Marlowe Edw2 (V.5.108) EDWARD: Assist me, sweet God, and receive my soul.
Faustus GOOD ANGEL: The jaws of hell are open to receive thee.
Kyd Sol&Per (IV.1.127) PERSEDA; O Christ, receive my soul.
Anon. Woodstock (III.3.93) GRASIER: Jesu, receive my soul, I am departed!
Leir (19.225-26) LEIR: Now, Lord, receive me, for I come to thee, / And die, I hope, in perfect charity.
Bible Hosea 14.2 Take unto you words, and turn to the Lord, and say unto him, Take away all iniquity, and receive us graciously: so will we render the calves of our lips. (Marginal note C: Declaring that this is the true sacrifice, that the faithful can offer, even thanks & praise.) (MARKED). See also Mark 16.19 (death of Jesus); Acts 7.59 (death of Steven); Romans 16.2; 2 Cor. 6.17. The origin may be more pastoral than Biblical.

DOOMSDAY ... Day of Judgment.
Anon. Leir (19.174-75) MESS: Fear nothing, man, thou art but in a dream, / And thou shalt never wake until doomsday,
Willobie (LXX.IIII.3): When Fish as haggard Hawks shall fly, /When Seas shall flame, and Sun shall freeze,
(LXXIIII.4): When Thames shall leave his channel dry, / When Sheep shall feed amidst the Sea. / When stones aloft, as Birds shall fly. / And night be changed into Day,
Nashe Penniless: Westminster, Westminster, much maidenhead hast thou to answer for / at the day of judgment, thou hadst a Sanctuary in thee once, / but few Saints left in thee now. ...
Shakes A number of references, notably in Hamlet I.117 and 120, 1H6, Rich2, Corio, Mac.
Bible Doomsday references: Joel 2.31; Matthew 24.29; Acts 2.20 (No Match).
Day of Judgment (Shaheen) Rev. 20.12-13 And I saw the dead, both great & small stand before God: and their books were opened, & another book was opened, which is the book of life, and the dead were judged of those things, which were written in the books, according to their works. (20.13) And the sea gave up her dead, which were in her, and death and hel delivered up the dead, which were in them: & they were judged every man according to their works. (20.12-13 MARKED)

END, See also The end.
Greene Orl Fur (V.2.136): MARSILIUS: To hear and see this unexpected end:
Shakes H5 (IV.1)) Williams: ... we shall never see the end of it. Who goes there?
Shrew (V.1) PETRUCHIO: Prithee, Kate, let's stand aside and see the end of / this controversy. ... KATH: Husband, let's follow, to see the end of this ado.
As You (I.1) LE BEAU: ... and, if it please / your ladyships, you may see the end ...
Anon. True Trag (1184-85) SHORE'S WIFE: And all such usurping kings, as thy Lord is, may come / to a shameful end, which no doubt I may live yet to see.
Leir (24.137-38) CORDELLA: O, say not so, but rather see the end: / They that are bad, may have the grace to mend:
Willobie (XXXIII.6): To see the end, my mind will crave,
(XXXVIII.4): And stay until you see the end / Of these effects, that fancy move?
(XL.9): They daily came to see the end,
(LXVIII.3): Now must I find the way to wail while life doth last, / Yet hope I soon to see, the end of doleful days;
Cromwell (V.5.107) CROMWELL: Come on, my child, and see the end of all, ...
Drayton et al Oldcastle (V.2) SIR JOHN: Stand close, Doll, we'll see the end.
Bible Wisd. of Solomon 4.17 For they shall see the end of the wise, but they understand not what God hath devised for him, and wherefore the Lord hath preserved him in safety. (No Match, NEAR 4.20). Matt.26.58 And Peter followed him afar off unto the high Priest's hall, and went in, and sat with the servants to see the end (No Match).

EVERLASTING ... Fire, Pain.
Kyd Sp Tr: Note below the fusion of classical (pagan) and Biblical images.
(IV.4.67) REVENGE: This hand shall hale them down to deepest hell, / Where none but furies, bugs and tortures dwell. ...
(227-29) GHOST: Let him be dragg'd through boiling Acheron, / And there live, dying still in endless flames, / Blaspheming Gods and all their holy names.
Marlowe Tamb2 (II.3.25-27) ORCANES: The Devil's there in chains of quenchless flame, / Shall lead his soul through Orcus burning gulf: / From pain to pain, whose change shall never end:
Edw2 (V.1.44) EDWARD: Heavens turn it to a blaze of quenchless fire!
Shakes Titus (III.1.242): Be my heart an ever-burning hell!; (also III.1.273.74)
(V.1.148): ... To live and burn in everlasting fire, ...
Macbeth (II.3.18-19): That go the primrose way to th' everlasting bonfire.
AWEW (IV.5.47-51): and they'll be fore the flowery way that leads to / the broad gate and the great fire.
Anon. Leir (19.288-91) PERILLUS: Oh, then art thou forever tied in chains / Of everlasting torments to endure, / Even in the hottest hole of grizzly hell, / Such pains, as never mortal tongue can tell.
Willobie (IX.6): ... Is this the love, you bear to me, / To damn my soul in lasting pain?
Lyly Love's Met. (III.2) ERISICTHON: I have turned all my goods into my guts, / where I feel a continual fire which nothing can quench.
(IV.1) RAMIS: These ever-burning lamps are signs of my never-to-be-quenched flames.
Drayton ... Oldcastle (I.2.45) SUFFOLK: A fire that must be quenched. Well, say no more,
Bible Matt. 25.41 Depart from me ye cursed, into everlasting fire ... (MARKED); Matt. 25.46 And these shall go into everlasting pain, and the righteous into life eternal (No Match, NEAR/Adjacent 25.45). Rev. 19.20 ... These both were alive cast into a lake of fire, burning with brimstone (No Match); Rev. 21.8 ... shall have their part in the lake, which burneth with fire and brimstone, which is the second death. (MARKED)

Better EYE/tooth out than always Ache (Proverbial).
Heywood Proverb, #17: Better eye out, than alway ache: / In rage of ache, true as I spake: / But in mean ache, meanly to moan, / Better an aching eye than none.
Lyly Euphues: the best charm for a tooth is to pull it out and the best remedy for love to wear it out.
Midas (III.2) LICIO: If your tooth be hollow, it must be stopped or pulled out; and stop it the barber will not, without the beard.
Anon. Leir (22.27) RAGAN: And with these nails scratch out her hateful eyes:
Shakes Errors (IV.4.104) ANTIPHOLUS: With these nails I'll pluck out these false eyes.
Macbeth (II.2.56) MAC: What hands are here? ha! they pluck out mine eyes.
MM (IV.3) ISABELLA: O, I will to him and pluck out his eyes!
Lear (III.7) GONERIL Pluck out his eyes.
GLOUC: Because I would not see thy cruel nails / Pluck out his poor old eyes; nor thy fierce sister / In his anointed flesh stick boarish fangs.
Bible Matt. 5.29 Wherefore if thy right eye cause thee to offend, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: ..., 18.9; Mark 9.47. Galatians 4.15 ... I bear you record, that if it had been possible, ye would have plucked out your own eyes, and have given them to me. (All No Match.)
Commandments: Honor thy FATHER.
Golding Ovid Met (X.347): To hate one's father is a crime as heinous as may be,
Anon. True Trag (362-3) RICHARD: and since it becometh / A son to maintain the honor of his deceased father, / Why should not I hazard his dignity by my brother's sons?
Leir (19.326-27) PERILUS: She said, her love unto you was as much, / As ought a child to bear unto her father.
(30.4-6) KING: And from aspiring Cornwall too, whose wives / Have practised treason 'gainst their father's life. / We come in justice of your wronged King,
(30.47-52) KING: O'er-daring Cornwall, know, we came in right, / And just revengement of the wronged King, / Whose daughters there, fell vipers as they are, / Have sought to murder and deprive of life: / But God protected him from all their spite, / And we are come in justice of his right.
(32.15) CORDELLA: He that with all kind love entreats his Queen, / Will not be to her father unkind seen.
0. (32.209) LEIR: Thou lovedst me dearly, and as ought a child.
1. Bible Ex. 20.12; Deut. 5.16; Micah 7.16 (near 7.18); Malachi 1.6; Matthew 15.4, 19.19 (No Match, NEAR 19.21); Mark 7.10, 10.19 (No Match, NEAR 10.21); Luke 18.20; Eph. 6.2
2. Note: See also "Parricide".

GOD ... Angry Rod.
Golding Ovid Met (Ep.481-82): For why men's stomachs waxing hard as steel against their God, / Provoked him from day to day to strike them with his rod.
Abraham (128-32) SONG: And thou O Lord whom we do know to be the true and living God, / Come from thy place, that we may one day see / the vengeance of thy rod / Upon thy foes,
(333-34) SONG: The king through God's sharp rod, / Did yield to him his wife straight-way,
Shakes Rich3 (V.3.112): irons of wrath
Rich2 (5.1.32-32): kiss the rod (of correction)
1H4 (3.2.10-11): For the hot vengeance, and the rod of heaven, / To punish my misreadings.
MND (III.2.410): I'll whip thee with a rod. Corio (II.43.91-92).
Anon. Leir (7.27-28) CORDELLA: No, no, it is the pleasure of my God: / And I do willingly embrace the rod.
Willobie (V.6): God's heavy judgments tried since, / And felt the weight of angry rod;
Bible 1 Kings 12.11 you have been a rod to her friends (No Match, NEAR/adjacent)
Rev.12.5, 19.15 (12.15); Ps. 2.9 rod/iron; Ps. 89.32/rod/punish; Job 21.9/rod/God; Lam/rod/indignation; Also Prov. 22.15/rod/correction, 29.15/rod/reproof.

GOD ... Sees/directs everything ... Sparrow.
Pickering Horestes (183-84) HORESTES: Oh gods, therefore, sith you be just, unto whose power and will / All thing in heaven and earth also obey and serve until,
Brooke Romeus (2187-88): Then go (quoth he) my child, I pray that God on high / Direct thy foot, and by thy hand upon the way thee gye [guide]:
(2872-73): That no respect of hours, ought justly to be had, / But at all times men have the choice of doing good or bad;
Gascoigne ... Jocasta (III.2.84) MENECEUS: But God it seeth that every secret seeth
(III.2.164): Who thinks that Jove the maker of us all, / And he that tempers all in heaven on high, The sun, the moon, the stars celestial, / So that no leaf without his leaue can fall, / Hath not in him omnipotence also / To guide and govern all things here below?
Supposes (II.8) PHILOGANO: you should have feared the vengeance of God the supreme judge (which knoweth the secrets of all hearts)
Greene James IV (II.I.28-29) IDA: God with a beck can change each worldly thing, / The poor to rich, the beggar to the king.
(III.3.68) SIR BARTRAM: God will conduct your steps and shield the right.
Anon. Ironside (V.1.12): ULF: Surely, my lord, you are highly favored / of God, who sees each human action, ...
Leir (3.7) LEIR: None knows, but he, that knows my thoughts & secret deeds.
(19.138-43) LEIR: Is Queen of France, no thanks at all to me, / But unto God, who my injustice see. / If it be so, that she doth seek revenge, As with good reason she may justly do, / I will most willingly resign my life, / A sacrifice to mitigate her ire:
Cromwell (I.3) FRISKIBALL: For God doth know what to myself may fall.
Leic Gh. (204-06) For though he may delude the people's sight, / It is in vain before God to dissemble, / Whose power the devils know, and knowing, tremble.
Shakes AsYou (2.3.43-44) ADAM: He that doth the ravens feed, / Yea, providently caters for the sparrow, ...
Hamlet (V.2.168-69) HAM: Not a whit, we defy Augury; there's a special / Providence in the fall of a sparrow. (Q2, lines 3518-19, substantially the same; Q1, lines 2058-59: there's a predestinate providence / in the fall of a sparrow:)
Bible Matt. 10.29 Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing, and one of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father? Luke 12.6: Are not five sparrows bought for two fardings, (No Match).

GOD ... Shield.
Golding Ovid Met (VII.51): God shield I so should do.
Abraham (302-04) SONG: O happy is the wight / That grounds himself aright / On God, and maketh him his shield:
Gascoigne ... Jocasta (II.1.628) CHORUS: God shield.
Lyly Campaspe (III.2.47-48) PSYLLUS: The gods shield me from such a fine fellow, / whose words melt wits like wax.
(III.4.91) APELLES: God shield you should have cause to be as cunning as Apelles.
Gallathea (II.3) PETER: god shield me from blowing gold to nothing,
Midas (III.3) SOPHRONIA: The gods shield him from all harms.
Marlowe Massacre (XXII.39) NAVARRE: God shield your grace from such a sudden death:
Shakes R&J (IV.1) PARIS: God shield I should disturb devotion!
MND (III.1) BOTTOM: God shield us! -- a lion among ladies, is a most dreadful thing...
AWEW (I.3) COUNTESS: ... God shield you mean it not! daughter and mother
Greene James IV (I.3.15) EUSTACE: A wife! God shield, Sir Bartram, that were ill,
(III.3.68) SIR BARTRAM: God will conduct your steps and shield the right.
Anon. Woodstock (III.2) WOODSTOCK: we are beset (heaven shield) with many storms.
Leir (30.31-32) CORDELLA: We that are feeble, and want use of Arms, / Will pray to God, to shield you from all harms.
Willobie (III.3 I): have by grace a native shield,
(IX.1): God shield me from your cursed crew
Penelope (XVIII.1-2): Ulysses dear, the Gods thee shield, / And send thee home well to return,
(XXXIV.4): (Whom for to shield the Gods I pray)
Chapman D'Olive (III.2.30) D'OL: above all sins, heaven shield me from the sin of blushing!
(III.2.42-43) D'OL: heaven shield me from any / more followers!
Bible Ps. 84.9, 11; Prov. 30.5 Every word of God is pure; he is a shield to those that trust in him (No Match).

GOD'S WILL ... Submit.
Kindlemarch Devices (98.5-6): My fainting soul suppressed sore, with careful clog of sin, / In humble sort submits itself, thy mercy for to win:
Anon. Leir (19.211-13) LEIR: Let us submit us to the will of God: / Things past all sense, let us not seek to know; / It is God's will, and therefore must be so.
Bible Romans 10.3 For they, being ignorant of the righteousness of God, & going about to stablish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves to the righteousness of God. Ephesians 5.21 Submitting yourselves one another in the fear of God. James IV.7 Submit yourselves to God: resist the devil, and he will flee from you. (No Match).

HEAVENS ... Just ... Impiety ... Heinous crimes.
Brooke Romeus (392): And eke for such an heinous crime, have men not Theseus blamed?
(959): At holiest times, men say most heinous crimes are done;
0. Golding Ovid Met (Pref.160): Judge if that even in heinous crimes thy fancy do not flatter.
1. (X.208): Of youth (quoth Phoebus) and I see thy wound my heinous crime.
(X.335)A heinous crime as this is, I am glad for Thracia, I
(X.347): To hate one's father is a crime as heinous as may be,
(X.355): Of parents, from this heinous crime my vicious mind withdraw,
(X.543): Did fetch a light: by which he saw his own most heinous crime,
Gascoigne ... Jocasta (I.1.348-49) BAILO: Yet must we hope for help of heavenly powers, / Sith they be just, their mercy is at hand,
(X.210): Of youth (quoth Phoebus) and I see thy wound my heynous cryme.
(V.5.32-34) OED: And last of all defiled my mother's bed, / By whom I have this wicked offspring got: / And to this heinous crime and filthy fact / The heavens have from high enforced me,
Kyd Sp Tr (II.5.57) ISABELLA: The heavens are just; murder cannot be hid:
Sol&Per (II.1.122-29) PER: If heavens were just, thy teeth would tear thy tongue / For this thy perjured false disloyalty; / If heavens were just, men should have open breasts, / That we therein might read their guileful thoughts. / If heavens were just, that power that forceth love / Would never couple wolves and lambs together. Yes, heavens are just, but thou art so corrupt / That in thee all their influence doth change,
Marlowe Jew of Malta FERNEZE: Wonder not at it, sir; the heavens are just;
Massacre (I.43-45) NAVARRE: But he that sits and rules above the clouds, / Doth hear and see the prayers of the just: / And will revenge the blood of innocents,
Greene James IV (II.1.140) ATEUKIN: Tis impious for to kill our native King.
(V.2.17-18) ATEUKIN: I know the heavens / Are just and will revenge; ...
Anon. Woodstock (V.3) LORD'S MEN: just heaven protect us and defend the right.
(V.3) LANCASTER: to quit themselves of all such heinous crimes alleged against them,
Leir (22.30-31) CAMBRIA: The heavens are just, and hate impiety, / And will (no doubt) reveal such heinous crimes:
Weakest (XVI.126-27) EPERNOUNE: The traitrous Duke of Anjou, by just heavens, / Now at your mercy stands,
Cromwell (II.3.64) BANISTER: How just is God to right the innocent.
(IV.2) FRISKIBALL: A just reward for one so impious.
Marprelate: Then vengeance must (for God is just) fall to Mar-Martin's hire.
Leic Gh. (827-28): My crimes, I grant, were great and manifold, / Yet not so heinous as some make report;
(2082): The heavens in canceling our days were just;
Yorkshire (II.4) WIFE: And 'tis set down by heaven's just decree
Shakes 3H6 (III.3) Q MARG: Yet heavens are just, and time suppresseth wrongs.
(V.1) CLARENCE: Why, trow'st thou, Warwick, / That Clarence is so harsh, so blunt, unnatural, / To bend the fatal instruments of war / Against his brother and his lawful king? / Perhaps thou wilt object my holy oath: / To keep that oath were more impiety / Than Jephthah's,
Rich2 (III.1) GREEN: My comfort is that heaven will take our souls / And plague injustice with the pains of hell.
(III.4) LEAR: That thou mayst shake the superflux to them, / And show the heavens more just.
Sonnet 19: But I forbid thee one most heinous crime:
Edw3 (III.5.5-6) K. EDWARD: Just-dooming heaven, whose secret providence / To our gross judgment is inscrutable,
Drayton ... Oldcastle (V.8) LEE: Just judgment of that power, whose gracious eye, / Loathing the sight of such a heinous fact,
Bible Deut. 32.4 Perfect is the work of the mighty God: for all his ways are judgment. God is true, and without wickedness: just, & righteous is he (MARKED). Isaiah 45.21 Tell ye, and bring them, & let them take counsel together, who hath delcared this from the beginning & hath told it of old? Have not I the Lord? & there is none other God beside me, a just God, & a Savior: there is none beside me (MARKED). Rev. 15.3 And they sung the song of Moses the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, Great & marvelous are thy works, Lord God almighty: just and true are thy ways, King of Saints (No Match).

I AM that I am.
Brooke Romeus (2886): To make me other then I am, how so I seem to be.
Oxford Letter (10-30-84, to Lord Burghley): I am that I am ...
Poem: I am not as I seem to be, Nor when I smile I am not glad;
Lyly MB (II.3) SILENA: Though you be as old as you are, I am as young as I am;
(IV.2) SILENA: Because I did, and I am here because I am.
Shakes Edw3 (II.1) WARWICK: I am not Warwick as thou think'st I am,
Sonnet (122): I am that I am
12th-(III.1.141) Viola: I am not what I am.
Oth (I.1.65) Iago: I am not what I am.
Lear (I.2) Edmund: I should have been that I am, had the maidenliest / star in the firmament twinked on my bastardizing.
Anon. Leir (24.213-14) CORD: You gave me life, you were the cause that I / Am what I am, who else had never been.
Dodypoll (III.5.40) LUCILIA: I know not what I am nor where I am,
Nashe Summers (124): SUMMER: Summer I was, I am not as I was;
Bible: Ex. 3.14. 1 Cor. 15.10 But by the grace of God, I am that I am. (Ch. MARKED)
Note: Although this has the characteristics of a proverb, its Biblical origin seems very likely.

MANNA from Heaven.
Anon. Leir (24.108-110) LEIR: Me thinks, I never saw such savory meat: / It is as pleasant as the blessed Manna, / That rained from heaven amongst the Israelites:
Shakes MV (V.1) LORENZO: Fair ladies, you drop manna in the way / Of starved people.
Bible Exodus 16.4 Then said the Lord unto Mosesw, Behold, I will cause bread to raine from heaven to you, ... (No Match) Ps. 78.24 And had rained down [MANNA] upon them for to eat, and had given them of the wheat of heaven. (No Match)
John 6.31 Our fathers did eat Manna in the desert; as it is written:, He gave them bread from heaven to eat. John 6.58 This is the bread which came down from heaven: not as your fathers have eaten Manna, and are dead. He that eateth of this bread, shall live forever. (Ch. MARKED)

MERCY ... spare.
Anon. Leir (19.271-72) LEIR: O, if all this to mercy move thy mind, / Spare him, in heaven thou shalt like mercy find.
Bible Neh 13.22; Jer 13.14, 21.7; others. Certainly base on Biblical precepts: no identification with any particular verse or verses.
Body/Soul is in PRISON; Death a release.
Brooke Romeus (2548-50): That lo, his sprite annoyed sore with torment and with smart, / Was like to break out of his prison-house perforce, / And that he might fly after hers, would leave the massy corpse.
Bedingfield Cardanus (II. p. 27b): But if thou compare death to long travail and that the soul being let loose from prison of the body seeth all things and walketh everywhere. Then what can be considered more happy. For the soul being burdened with the body, is neither free, nor rightly knoweth anything, but being overladen with cares, doth behold, only the figuree of things, and as it were through a web or cloth, guesseth a sight, and certainly knoweth nothing, but being free, doth not only cast of all hindrance, but also beholdeth all things without interruption, whiche being true, who is he that willingly would eschew death?
(III: pp. 94b-95a): Alas good friend, what is that life other than an imprisonment of mind, much worse than that of the body & would God this quiet might chance to me, which so many worthy men have desired.
Lyly Campaspe (I.2.29-30) MANES: ... that my body was immortal because it was in prison.
(I.2.35) MANES: And the body is the prison of the soul?
(I.2.37-38) MANES: Why then, thus to make my body immortal, I put it to prison.
Kyd Sp Tr (Ind.1.1-2) GHOST: When this eternal substance of my soul / Did live imprisoned in my wanton flesh,
Anon. Leir (I.44-46) NOBLE: When fates should loose the prison of your life, / By whose succession all this doubt might cease; / And as by you, by him we might have peace.
Shakes 1H6 (II.5) PLANT: And peace, no war, befall thy parting soul! / In prison hast thou spent a pilgrimage / And like a hermit overpass'd thy days.
3H6 (II.1) EDW: Now my soul's palace is become a prison: / Ah, would she break from hence, that this my body / Might in the ground be closed up in rest! / For never henceforth shall I joy again, / Never, O never shall I see more joy!
Rich2 (V.5) RICH: I have been studying how I may compare / This prison where I live unto the world: / And for because the world is populous / And here is not a creature but myself, / I cannot do it; yet I'll hammer it out. / My brain I'll prove the female to my soul, / My soul the father; and these two beget / A generation of still-breeding thoughts, / And these same thoughts people this little world, / In humors like the people of this world, / For no thought is contented. The better sort, / As thoughts of things divine, are intermix'd / With scruples and do set the word itself / Against the word: / As thus, 'Come, little ones,' and then again, / 'It is as hard to come as for a camel / To thread the postern of a small needle's eye.' . Thoughts tending to ambition, they do plot / Unlikely wonders; how these vain weak nails / May tear a passage through the flinty ribs / Of this hard world, my ragged prison walls, / And, for they cannot, die in their own pride.
John (III.4) K PHILLIP: Look, who comes here! a grave unto a soul; / Holding the eternal spirit against her will, / In the vile prison of afflicted breath.
Titus (III.2) TITUS: Who, when my heart, all mad with misery, / Beats in this hollow prison of my flesh, / Then thus I thump it down.
Lucrece (247): Even here she sheathed in her harmless breast / A harmful knife, that thence her soul unsheathed: / That blow did that it from the deep unrest / Of that polluted prison where it breathed:
Hamlet (II.2.269071) HAM: Why then 'tis none to you; for there is nothing / either good or bad, but thinking makes it so: to me it is / a prison. (Not in Q1, Q2.)
Plato Fable of the Cave: "And now, I said, let me show in a figure how far our nature is enlightened or unenlightened: Behold! human beings living in a underground den, which has a mouth open towards the light and reaching all along the den; here they have been from their childhood, and have their legs and necks chained so that they cannot move, and can only see before them, being prevented by the chains from turning round their heads. Above and behind them a fire is blazing at a distance, and between the fire and the prisoners there is a raised way; and you will see, if you look, a low wall built along the way, like the screen which marionette players have in front of them, over which they show the puppets." Note: This is but a small excerpt. See the entire passage in Plato. "The Fable of the Cave" was highly influential throughout Renaissance literature, and its thought permeates Cardanus. But see also the Biblical passage below.
Bible Isiah 42.7 That thou mayst open the eyes of the blind, & bring out the prisoners from the prison, and them that sit in darkness, out of the prison-house (No Match).

Anointed King: REGICIDE/FRATRICIDE.
Shakes 3H6, Rich2, Rich3 Theme of play
Rich2 (1.2.38-41): His deputy anointed in his sight, ... / ... for I may never lift / An angry arm against his minister.
2H4 4 (Ind. 32): Stoop'd his anointed head as low as death.
Lear (III.8.56-58) I would not see thy cruel nails / Pluck out his poor old eyes; nor thy fierce sister / In his anointed flesh stick boarish fangs.
Macbeth (II.3.72): Most sacriligious murder hath broke ope; / The Lord's anointed temple.
WT (I.2.358): If I could find examples / Of thousands that had struck anointed kings / And flourished after, I'd do it.
Hamlet (III.3.40-42, 47-50) KING: Oh my offense is rank, it smells to heaven, / It hath the primal eldest curse upon't, / A Brother's murder. ... what if this cursed hand / Were thicker then itself with Brother's blood, ... (Q2, lines 2125-27, 32-33). (Q1, lines 1414-18) KING: O that this wet that falls upon my face / Would wash the crime clear from my conscience! / When I look up to heaven, I see my trespass, / The earth doth still cry out upon my fact, / Pray me the murder of a brother and a king,
Anon. Woodstock (I.2.38-41): His deputy ... / Hath caus'd his death, that which if wrongfully / Let heaven revenge me for I may never lift / An angry arm against His minister.
Leir (19.249-52) PERILLUS: Oh, but beware, how thou dost lay thy hand / Upon the high anointed of the Lord: / O, be advised ere thou dost begin: Dispatch me straight, but meddle not with him.
Bible Gen 4.10-11 Again he said, What hast thou done? the voice of thy brothers glood cryeth unto me from the ground. When thou shalt til the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength: a vagabond and a runagate shalt thou be in the earth (No Match).
Q1 invokes the Biblical prohibition against the killing of an anointed king. Cf. Rich2, 3H6, Rich3, Lear, Macbeth, Winter's Tale, Woodstock, (anon. Leir). See 1 Sam 24.11 Behold, this day thine eyes have seen, that the Lord had delivered thee this day into mine hand in the cave, and some bade me kill thee, but I had compassion on thee, and said, I will not lay mine hand on my master: for he is the Lord's anointed (MARKED). See also 1 Sam 25.9-11 (MARKED), 26.9; 2 Sam 1.14 (MARKED).
1 Sam. 24.11 Behold, this day thine eyes have seen, that the Lord had delivered thee this day into mine hand in the cave, and some made me kill thee, but I had compassion on thee, and said, I will not lay mine hand on my master: for he is the Lord's anointed. (MARKED, part/all underlined, red ink)
1 Sam. 26.11 The Lord keep me from laying mine hand upon the Lord's anointed: but, I pray thee, take now the spear that is at his head, and the pot of water, and let us go hence. (MARKED.)
Note: Hunter and Milward write about the paradox of God's chosen instrument against the sacred king, faced with the sin of regicide, which is itself prohibited. So that rebellion against and murder of an incompetent king (such as Richard II, Hery VI), may be at once both the will of God and an act that goes against God's commandment: the instrument of God is at the same condemned by his disobedience against God. At such times the kingdom itself will fall into disrepair until the time of redemption by a transcendent figure such as the Biblical David, King Henry V of England, and possibly Henry VII. In life Richard is petty and sometimes vicious, and Henry VI saintly but incompetent: in death each reaches a somewhat Christlike martyrdom. Note also that in Marlowe's Edward II, dealing also with the deposition and murder of God's deputy, the religious element that infuses the overthrow and murder of the sacred king is missing: Edward is moving and to be pitied, but his death does not stir the cosmos.
Religious Aphorisms: RICHES ... Virtue.
Lyly Campaspe (I.1.46-47) TIMOCLEA: Fortune, thou didst never / yet deceive virtue, because virtue never yet did trust fortune.
Midas (I.1) MELLACRITES: Querenda pecuna primum est, virtus post nummos: / first seek money; virtue comes later (Horace) ... The first stair of virtue is money. ... Such virtue is there in gold, that being bred in the barrenest ground / and trodden under foot, it mounteth on princes' heads.
(I.2) LICIO: How happy shall we be if he would but stroke our heads, / that we might have golden hairs. But let us all in, lest he lose the / virtue of the gift before we taste the benefit.
Anon. Leir (15.5-6) MESS: Now bags of gold, your virtue is (no doubt) / To make me in my message bold and stout.
Shakes John (II.1): ... And say there is no sin but to be rich; / And being rich, my virtue then shall be / To say there is no vice but beggary.
Rich2 (V.5) turns the camel ... needle's eye phrase into an ironic discussion of scruples.
Disp. Greene's Groat (85-86): been brought up in the university, and therefore / accounts that in riches is no virtue.
Bible Matt. 19.24 It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God; Mark 10.25 (No Match, NEAR: Matthew 19.21, Mark near 10.21); Luke 18.25 (No Match).

SAP ... Root.
Note: As Shakespeare so often compares the wise king to an attentive shepherd, here he is often compared to the prudent gardener. It is notable that in Edmund Ironside, as in the following examples from Richard III, Richard II and King Lear, treason and/or betrayal result from inappropriate husbandry.
Anon. Ironside (II.3.41-47) CAN: A traitor may be likened to a tree, / which being shred and topped when it is green, / doth for one twig which from the same was cut / yield twenty arms, yea twenty arms for one, / but being hacked and mangled with an axe, / the root dies and piecemeal rots away. / Even so with traitors. Cut me off their heads,
0. Leir (16.17) KING: And from my root continual sap shall flow,
Shakes Rich3 (II.2) Q ELIZ: To make an act of tragic violence: / Edward, my lord, your son, our king, is dead. / Why grow the branches now the root is wither'd? / Why wither not the leaves the sap being gone?
Rich2 (III.4) GARD: They are; and Bolingbroke / Hath seized the wasteful king. / O, what pity is it / That he had not so trimm'd and dress'd his land / As we this garden! We at time of year / Do wound the bark, the skin of our fruit-trees, / Lest, being over-proud in sap and blood, / With too much riches it confound itself: / Had he done so to great and growing men, / They might have lived to bear and he to taste / Their fruits of duty: superfluous branches / We lop away, that bearing boughs may live: / Had he done so, himself had borne the crown, / Which waste of idle hours hath qui te thrown down.
Lear (IV.2) ALB: ... She that herself will sliver and disbranch / From her material sap, perforce must wither / And come to deadly use.
Lucrece (167): ... Ay me! the bark peel'd from the lofty pine, / His leaves will wither and his sap decay; / So must my soul, her bark being peel'd away.
Bible John 15.4-6 The branch cannot bear fruit of itself, except it abide in the vine ... He is cast forth as a branch, and withereth (No Match).

SHEEP ... Lost/Strayed ... Taint/Sin.
Anon. Leir (I.13-14) LEIR: Lest as it were a ship without a stern, / Or silly sheep without a Pastor's care;
Mucedorus (IV.2.21) MOUSE: ... to look out a shepherd & a stray king's daughter: ...
Ironside (I.3.28-29) EDMUND: One sheep that was lost I more rejoice to find than twenty other which I never missed. (This passage seems to derive from the Apostles' parable.
(IV.1.24-25) EDM/letter from Edricus: I come again like to a strayed sheep / tainted, God wot, with naught but ignorance. (This passage conforms well to Jeremiah.)
Shakes TGV (I.1) PRO: Indeed, a sheep doth very often stray, / An if the shepherd be a while away.
MV (IV.1) ANTONIO: I am a tainted wether of the flock, ...
Bible Jer.50.6 My people hath been as lost sheep: their shepherds have caused them to go astray, and have turned them away to the mountains: they have gone from mountain to hill, and forgotten their resting place. 50.7 All that found them, have devoured them, and their enemies said, We offend not because they have sinned against the Lord, the habitation of justice, ... (50.7 MARKED). References to lost sheep, but lacking the consciousness of sin and taint are found in other passages, some Messianic: Pss.119.176, Matt.10.6, Matt.15.24, Matt.18.11, Luke.15.6 (All No Match).

SOUL ... Welfare.
Anon. Leir (1.26) LEIR: And think upon the welfare of my soul:
Bible Job 30.15-16 Fear is turned upon me: and they pursue my sul as the wind, and mine health passeth away as a cloud. Therefore my soul is now poured out upon me, and the days of affliction have taken hold on me (No Match).

STRANGERS ... Kind/kindness.
Anon. Leir (24.120) LEIR: Ah, who would think such kindness should remain / Among such strange and unacquainted men: / And that such hate should harbor in the breast / Of those, which have occasion to be best?
Shakes Timon (III.5.100-10: Is this the balsom that the usuring Senate / Pours into captains' wounds?
Bible Luke 10.33-37 Then a certain Samaritan, as he journed, came near unto him, and when he saw him, he had compassion on him, ... And went to him, & bound up his wounds, and poured in oil and wine, and put him on his own beast, and brought him to an inn, and made provision for him. ... Then said Jesus unto him, Go, and do thou likewise. (No Match.)

TONGUE ... Whet ... Filed/Smooth.
Brook Romeus (1017): Whether thy sugared talk, and tongue so smoothly filed,
Gascoigne ... Jocasta (II.1.256) CHORUS: Yet thou O queen, so file thy / sugared tongue,
Edwards Dam&Pith (1726): ... the plague of this court! / Thy filed tongue that forged lies
Lyly Campaspe (IV.2.31) CAMP: Whet their tongues on their hearts.
Sapho (II.4.105) SYB: whose filed tongue made those enamored that sought to have him enchanted.
Greene James IV (I.1.236) ATEU: But princes rather trust a smoothing tongue
Selimus (3.4) SELIMUS: And feigned plaints his subtle tongue doth file / T'entrap the silly wand'ring traveler
Shakes LLL (V.1) HOLO: ... discourse peremptory, his tongue filed, ...
Lear (I.4.288): How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is.
Pass Pilgrim 19 (2): Smooth not thy tongue with filed talk, ...
Anon. Leir (12.81-82) MESS: My tongue being well whetted with choler, / is more sharp than a Razor of Palerno.
Willobie (I.10): A filed tongue which none mislikes.
Ironside (II.3.149-50) CAN: Sirs, temper well your tongues and be advised / if not, I'll cut them shorter by an inch.
(V.2.162) CAN: Edmund, Report shall never whet her tongue / upon Canutus to eternize thee.
Nashe Will Summers (1366): Smooth-tongue Orators, the fourth in place
Bible Ps. 140.3 They have sharpened their tongues like a serpent: adder's poison is under their lips (MARKED).

TONGUE ... Sword.
Anon. Leir (30.101) CAMBRIA: I, with their swords they'l make your tongue unsay ...
Dodypoll (IV.4.45-46): O thou ordained to bear swords in thy tongue, / Dead thou hast struck me and I live no more.
Shakes H5 (III.2): ... For Pistol, he hath a killing tongue / and a quiet sword; by the means whereof a' breaks / words, and keeps whole weapons....
Cymbeline (III.4) PISANIO: ... 'tis slander, / Whose edge is sharper than the sword, whose tongue / Outvenoms all the worms of Nile...
Bible Ps. 57.4 ... I lie among the children of men, that are set on fire: whose teeth are spears and arrows, and their tongue a sharp sword; Pss. 64.3 Which have whet their tongue like a sword, and short for their arrows bitter words (No Match). Prov. 12.18 ... that speaketh words like the prickings of a sword: but the tongue of wise men is health (No Match). Hosea 7.16 ... their prices shall fall by the sword, for the rage of their tongues (No Match, NEAR Marked 7.13).

VIRTUE/VIRTUOUS ... life ... Pattern.
Gosson Abuse: The right use of ancient Poetry was to have the ... virtuous lives of predecessors set down in numbers, and song to the Instrument at solemn feasts, that the sound of the one might draw the hearers from kissing the cup too often; the sense of the other put them in mind of things past, and chalk out the way to do the like.
Kindlemarch Devices (13.5-6): Fly Fortune's sly deceits, let Virtue be thy guide, / If that you do intend in happy state to bide.
Kyd Sp Tr (III.12.127-28A): PAINTER: I'll warrant you, sir; I have the pattern of the most notorious villains that ever lived in all Spain.
Lodge Rosalind: be careful that thy life be virtuous, that thy death may be full of admirable honors;
Anon. Leir (1.12) LEIR: A perfect pattern of a virtuous life:
Pasquil Apology (Para. 39): The Disciple is not above his Master, &c. Which lesson our Savior giveth his disciples, to encourage them to bear the persecution, hatred, nips, taunting, and evil speeches of the wicked, according to the pattern he had given them,
Bible 1 Tim. 1.16 Notwithstanding, for this cause was I received to mercy, that Jesus Christ should first show on me all long suffering unto the example of them, which shall in time to come believe in him unto eternal life. (No Match).

WALK forty days.
Anon. Leir (24.100) CORDELLA: He walked forty days, and never fainted.
Bible 1 Kings 19.8 Then he arose, and did eat and drinke, and walked in the strength of that meat fourtie daies & fourtie nights, unto Horeb, the mount of God. (No Match.)

WORMWOOD .
Lyly Sapho (Court Pro.): who fearing to surfeit on spices, stoopeth to bite on wormwood
Shakes LLL (V.2) ROSALINE: Oft have I heard of you, my Lord Biron, ... / To weed this wormwood from your fruitful brain,
Edw3 (III.3) K. EDWARD: If gall or wormwood have a pleasant taste,
Lucrece (128): Thy sugar'd tongue to bitter wormwood taste: / Thy violent vanities can never last.
R&J has two nonapplicable uses.
Hamlet (III.2.180) HAM: [Aside] Wormwood, wormwood. (Q2. line 1895): That's wormwood. (Not in Q1.)
Anon. Leir (23.59-60) LEIR: Can Henbane join in league with Methridate?
(23.63-35) LEIR: I have thrown Wormwood on the sugared youth, / And like to Henbane poisoned the Fount, / Whence flowed the Methridate of a child's good will: . Or Sugar grow in Wormwood's bitter stalk?
(23.79) PERILLUS: The weed, the gall, the henbane & the wormwood;
Willobie (XXXVII.3-6, Note): Strange pleasure seems sweet at the beginning, but their end is as bitter wormwood. Prover. 5.3,4. Prov. 6.27.
Bible Prov. 5. 3-4 (3) For the lips of a strange woman drop as an honeycomb, and her mouth is more soft than oil. (4) But the end of her is bitter as wormwood, & sharp as a two-edged sword. (No Match)

 

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