The
Fifteen Books of
Ovid's Metamorphoses, 1567
The first translation into English -
credited to Arthur Golding
MASTER GLOSSARY for
The Arthur Golding Translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses
by B.Flues copyright © 2002
(OED refers to the OED compact disc; the full-volume set may well contain expanded entries.)
(FS means found in Shakespeare; NFS means not found in Shakespeare)
Glossary: Words, Phrases
abidden (v): endured. Book
II (348). NFS.
abod/abod (n): delay. Book I (833). FS (2-MV, A&C); Gascoigne Jocasta;
(anon.) Mucedorus. OED contemp citation: 1577 Holinshed Chron.
aby/abie (v): pay for, atone. Books VII (623), VIII (869, 961). FS (2-MND);
Kyd Sol&Per; Greene George a Greene; Marlowe Edw2; Nashe Choice of Valentines;
Munday Death of ... Huntington.
acknowne (a): acknowledged. Book VII (815). FS (1-Oth). Almost all contemporary
references cited in the OED are in religious works.
adamant (n): alleged mineral, ascribed with the hard, unbreakable properties
of a diamond, while others ascribed to it properties of the lodestone or magnet.
Golding uses both meanings, apparently according to need. Books IV (343, 563),
VII (523), IX (728), XV (915). FS (3-1H6, MND, T&C); others. Common.
adrad/adread (a): adread/afraid. Book I (421). NFS. Cf. Greene Maiden's
Dream; Sidney Arcadia.
advultry/advoutrie (n): adultery. NFS. Books IV (210), VII (960), IX (869).
aflaight (a): afleet. Book VI (832).
agen (adv): southern pronunciation of again. Epistle, Book V, Used throughout
Golding Ovid. NFS. Cf. Golding Abr Sac.
ayles/ails (n): the awn of barley or other corn. Book X (768). NFS.
allay/alay (v): dilute. Book XV (364). FS (4-A&C, WT, Corio, H8),
ame/aim (v): guess, conjecture. Book VII (868).
algate (adv): at any rate. Book V (514). NFS.
amomum/amomie (n): aromatic plant, species unknown in early writings.
Books X (339), XV (435). NFS. Cf. Nashe Menaphon. OED citation: Per OED:1551
Turner Herbal (1568) 26 Amomum is a small bushe ... Some call it a christenmase
rose.
apaid/apayd (v, a): satisfied. Book XIV (517).
appall (v): weaken. Books II (190, 375, 490), VIII (670), IX (620), XV
(713). FS (2-1H6, Edw3); Edwards Dam&Pith; (anon.) Locrine. "Unappalled"
in Brooke Romeus.
as tho (adv): then. Used throught Golding Ovid.
attent (n): intent. Preface
(125). NFS.
at all aventure: at random. Book VII (441). NFS. Per OED a legal term.
avaunced/avaunst: raised. Book XIII (1049). See also "vaunst".
avaunt (v): begone. Books IX (606, 688), X (372). FS (16); Lodge Wounds;
Whip, Lyly Woman ... Moon; Marlowe Dido; Greene G a G, ? Selimus; Harvey Sonnet;
(anon.) Nobody/Somebody; Chapman Bussy.
avoord/avord (v): afford.
Epistle (548). NFS. Cf. Golding Abr Sac.
awk (adv): directed the
wrong way. Book XIV (347). NFS. OED cites Golding De Mornay, Harvey New Letter.
axletree: see extree.
backs/backes (n): bats.
Book IV (513).
bagged/bagd (a): big with
child, pregnant. Books III (328), X (539). NFS.
bain/bane/bayne (a): limber.
Book III (865), Books IV (435), VII (378), XV (222). NFS.
bale (n): misery. Book
XIV (340, 557). FS (Corio); Greene Fr Bacon; (anon.) Locrine, Mucedorus.
balk(e) (n): (1) isthmus.
Book VII (515). NFS. (2) tie-beam of a house, stretching from wall to wall.
Book VIII (826).
ballace (n): ballast. Book
II (213). NFS. Cf. Kyd Sp Tr.
ban (n, v): curse. Books
II (774), V (124, 128, 593), XIII (401), XIV (225), XV (566). FS (1H6, 2H6,
Ham, Titus, Lucrece, V&A, Lucrece, PP); Gascoigne Jocasta; 1555 Latimer
Ser& Rem; Lyly Sapho; Greene Selimus; Kyd Sp Tr; (anon.) Locrine, Arden;
Marlowe Jew; Nashe Pierce Penniless; Munday Huntington.
base, bid the base/bace
(v): challenge them. Book XII (73). Cf. Marlowe Edw2.
battling (a): fertile.
Books VII (529), XV (526). NFS. Cf. Greene Fr Bacon.
bayard (n): one given to
reckless, blind action. Epistle (118). FS (Edw3); Harvey 4 letters.
beace (n): beasts, cattle.
Book XV (17).
beaking (a): projecting.
Book IV (878). NFS.
bearbrich (a): bear's-breech,
acanthus. Book XIII (833).
bedlem/bedlam (n): lunatic,
madwoman. Books III (898), IV (636), IX (757). FS (John, Lear).
bedreint (a): drenched.
Book IV (894).
behight (a): promised.
Book III (149). NFS. Cf. Golding Abr Sac.
beldame (n): aged woman.
Book XIV (747, 885). FS (5-John, 1H4, 2H4, Mac, Lucrece); Brooke Romeus; Lyly
Bombie; Nashe Penniless, Saffron Waldon; (disp.) Greene's Groatsworth of Wit;
(anon.) Penelope's Complaint.
belked (v): belched. Book
XIV (246). NFS. belking (a): throbbing. Book II (758). NFS. OED relates this
word to the gout.
bell, bear the bell/win the
bell (v): win the prize. Books III (252), VII (596), XII (692), Book XIII
(13). NFS. Cf. Sundrie Flowers (E/N); Watson Hek; Lyly Sapho, Whip; (anon.)
Willobie.
beray (v): stain, befoul.
Books V (52), VI (300), VIII (683), Book XIII (493, 589, 640, 677). FS (Titus);
.OED contemp citations: 1530 Palsgr. 449/1 You have berayed your gowne with
myer. 1570 Holinshed Scot. Chron. (1806) I. 296 ... and the bed all beraied
with bloud. 1576 Gascoigne Steele Gl. (Arb.) 56 ... Berayde with blots of
... 1602 Return fr. Parnass. iv. v. (Arb.) 58 Our fellow Shakespeare hath
giuen him a purge that made him beray his credit.
berent/beerent (a): torn.
Book XIII (641). NFS. OED contemp citations: 1530 Palsgr. 449/1 You have berayed
your gowne with myer.OED contemp citations: 1582 Breton Dolor. Disc. in Heliconia;
1596 W. Smith Chloris.
besprent (a): sprayed.
Book VI (57), VII (208), XI (356), XIV (465). NFS. Brooke Romeus; Watson Hek.
bestad (v): beset, situated.
Books IV (699, 863), VIII (691, 1052), Book XV (796). NFS. Cf. Gascoigne Jocasta;
Spenser Shep Cal, FQ; Harvey Pierce's Super; Nashe Astrophel.
bestead (v): served (her
purpose). Book VII (361). NFS. Cf. Drayton et al Oldcastle; Munday More.
bewray (v): reveal. Epistle
(89, 261), Books I (279, 494), II (540, 560, 683, 860, 866, 876,988, 1017),
III (706), IV (195, 231), VI (42, 666, 694, 737), VII (234, 942, 1069), IX
(614), IX (477), X (477), XI (213, 466), XIII (132, 303), XIV (212, 359, 402,
598, 855), XV (562, 668). FS (7); Brooke Romeus; Watson Hek; Edwards Dam&Pith;
Gascoigne Jocasta; Greene Orl Fur, Fr Bacon, James IV, Pandosto, Maiden's
Dream; Kyd Sp Tr, Sol&Per; Marlowe Massacre, Jew/Malta; Lyly Campaspe,
Gallathea, Endymion, Midas, Bombie, Whip; Pasquil Return; Drayton et al Oldcastle;
(anon.) Marprelate; Locrine, Ironside, Arden, Willobie, Penelope, Leic Gh.
bill (n): weapon, long
pole with axe and pike on one end. FS (many); Golding Ovid; many others. bill
[broad brown] (n): halberd (a kind of combination of spear and battle-axe,
consisting of a sharp-edged blade ending in a point and a spear-head, mounted
on a handle five-to seven-feet long). FS (Ado); Golding Ovid; Lyly Sapho,
Endymion.
bird-flight/birdflyght (n):
augury by interpreting flight of birds. Book XIII (910).
blazon/blaze (v): (1) describe
in heraldic terms. (2) describe or proclaim openly. Book XIV (800). FS (8);
Oxford poem, letter; Sundrie Flowers (E/N); Gascoigne Jocasta; Kyd Sol&Per;
Spenser FQ
blear/bleere (v): confuse,
hoodwink. Book XI (362). FS (Shrew);Brooke Romeus; Lyly Gallathea; Kyd Sp
Tr; Nashe Summers.
blin (v): stop. Books VI
(371), IX (735). NFS.
blo (a): blackish-blue,
livid, leaden-colored. Book III (68). NFS.
bobbed/bobd (v): struck.
Book XII (147, 263). FS. 4-Rich3, T&C, Oth). ; Munday Sir Thomas More.
OED contemp citations : 1578 Chr. Prayers in Priv; 1589 Nashe Martins Months;
1605 R. Armin Foole upon F..
bodkin (n): (1) pin or
pin-shaped ornament used to fasten women's hair; also a short pointed weapon,
dagger. Book II (515), IV (714). FS (Ham); Golding Ovid; Lyly Sapho, Endymion,
Midas, Bombie, Pappe; Sidney Arcadia; Nashe Absurdity; (anon.) Arden; Marston,
Chapman, Jonson Eastward Ho. (2) .
boined/boynd (v): swelled.
VIII (1004,only OED citation). NFS.
boistous/boystous (a):
rough, gross. Books V (759), VI (867), X (254, 660, 829), XI (496), XII (155),
XIV (882), Book XV (25, 805). NFS.
bollen/bolled/bolne (a): swollen.
Book VIII (1003). NFS.
bolt/bowlt (v): sift the
matter. Book X (446). FS (WT)Nashe Penniless. OED contemp citations: 1562
J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr; 1544 R. Ascham Toxoph; ; 1576 Lambarde Peramb.
Kent.
boon/boone (n): prayer.
Book IV (462). FS.
boot (v, n): help. Books
I (357), II (1029), VI (668) VII (52), VIII (151, 715), X (199, 511), XI (88),
XII (428), XIV (555, 557), XV (614). FS (many); Brooke Romeus; Sundrie Flowers;
Robinson Delights; Kyd Sp Tr, Sol&Per; Greene G a G, Maiden's Dream; Lyly
Bombie; Chettle Kind Hart; (anon.) Fam Vic, Willobie, Leic Gh.
Bootes: constellation containing
Arcturus. Book II (226).
bote (v): bit. Books XIII
(1102), XV (109.
bought (n): coil, loop.
Books III (48), Book XV (770). NFS.
bourd/boord (a): jest,
idle tale. Book X (279). NFS. Cf. Golding Abr Sac. Abraham. OED contemp. citations:
1548 Cranmer Catech; 1593 Drayton Eclog.
bowels/bowelles (n): offspring,
child. Book X (534). FS (MM). OED contemp citations: 1526 Tindale Philem;
1559 Morwyng Evonym; 1593 H. Smith Serm.
bowing (a): bent, curved.
Books VIII (194), XI (395, 684), XII (622), Book XV (771). FS (2-Temp, Timon);
Lyly Bombie, Woman ... Moon.
box (n): boxwood. Book
IV (164). FS (12th).
brach (n): originally a
kind of scent-hound, later always any kind of bitch-hound. Book III (256).
FS (6-1H4, Shrew, Lear, T&C); Golding Ovid. Note especially Shakespeare
Shrew (Prologue) Lord: Huntsman, I charge thee, tender well my hounds: ...
And couple Clowder with the deep-mouth'd brach. ... Shakespeare seems to have
been a master of the hounds.
bracke/brake (v): burst.
Book XI (272). FS (Errors).
braid/brayd (n): sudden
assault, movement. Books VII (820), XI (559, 612), XIII (297). NFS. Cf. Greene
Orl Fur.
brast/brust (v): burst.
Book II (238, 398, 1019).
brave (a): splendid, abundant.
Book I (542, 696). FS (MND, 1H4, Temp); (anon.) Fam Vict; Woodstock; Marlowe
T1.
bray (v): beat together,
usually with a mortar. Book XIV (50). NFS. Cf. Greene Orl Fur.
break/brake [one's mind]
(v): disclose, reveal. Books I (207), X (460). FS (5-1H6, Errors, Ado, T&C,
Mac); Oxford letter; Lyly Endymion, Bombie; Kyd Sp Tr; (anon.) Arden, Willobie;
(disp.) Cromwell.
breers (v): briars. Book
XIII (946).
breme/breeme (a): widely
spoken of. Book XII (183). NFS.
bruit (n, v): rumor, fame;
spread rumor. Books I (251, 972), VII (519, 610, 891). FS (6-3H6, 2H4, T&C,
Timon, Ham, Q2, Edw3); ; Brooke Romeus; Sundrie Flowers (E/N); Lyly Bombie;
(anon.) Ironside, Arden; Harvey Pierce's Super; Chettle Kind Hart.
brunt (n): outburst, attack.
Books III (93, 287), XIII (53, 275, 467), Book XIV (446)., NFS. Watson Hek;
Gascoigne Jocasta; Lodge Wounds of Civil War; Lyly Woman ... Moon; Greene
Fr Bac, ? Selimus; Marlowe T1, Massacre.
bug/bugg (n): bugbear,
hobgoblin, bogey. Book XIV (68). FS (5-3H6, Ham, WT, Cymb, T&C); Edwards
Dam&Pith; Kyd Sp Tr; Greene? Selimus; (anon.) Pasquil Countercuff, Apology;
Arden; Nashe Penniless; Harvey Pierce's Super.
bulchin (n): bull-calf.
Book XIII (1023). NFS.
bulke (n): trunk, body.
Books VI (214, 497), XV (629). FS (5-Rich3, 1H4, Ham, Oth, Lucrece); Lyly
Woman ... Moon.
burd (n): maiden. Book
IV (524). (Alternate of "bird"?
burgeons (n): buds, shoots.
Books IV (492), Book VII (529). NFS.
burgonet/burganet (n):
helmet with visor. Book XII (405). FS (2-2H6, Edw3); Greene Orl Fur, Upstart
Court, ? Selimus; (anon.) Locrine.
buskling (v): bustling,
prowling. Book XI (422). NFS.
bylive (adv): immediately, eagerly. NFS. Book IV (188).
caddow/cadowe (n): jackdaw.
Book VII (601). NFS.
caitiff (n, a): wretchs,
sometimes prisoner. Books I (179), II (983), III (810), XII (674). FS (13);
Brooke Romeus; Gascoigne Jocasta, Supposes; Lodge Wounds; Kyd Cornelia; Greene
James IV, ? Selimus; Sidney Antony; (anon.) Mucedorus; Drayton et al Oldcastle.
callet (n): trull. Book
VI (179). FS (2H6, 3H6); Gascoigne Supposes; Greene James IV; (anon.) Willobie.
cankered/cancred (a): corrupt,
infected. Books II (945, 971, 1011, 1044), VI (676), VIII (142). FS (6-John,
R&J, 1H4, 2H4, Corio); Golding Ovid; Gascoigne Jocasta; Lyly Love Met;
others.
cannel bone/channel bone
(n): neck, windpipe. Book XII (331).
canvas (v): discuss. Book
I (460). NFS.
carack/carrack/carick (n):
merchant ship. Book VIII (194). FS (3-Errors, Oth, TNK); (anon.) Woodstock.
carf (v): cut. Book VIII
(950). NFS. Rare.
cark (n): anxiety, care.
Books II (971), III, (497), XIII (449). NFS. Cf. Golding Ovid; (anon.) Selimus;
(disp.) Spenser FQ; Cromwell (as a verb).
carl (n): countryman, possibly
slave, miser; after 1500, fellow of low birth.Epistle (124), Books I (623),
VI (439, 469, 676), VII (917), VIII (142, 177). FS (1-Cymb); (anon.) Arden;
Nashe Summers.
carpet knight (n): one
who earns honors at court rather than in battle. Books XII (673), XIII (123).
FS (1-12th); (anon.) Fam Vic; Munday Huntington.
cartware (n): team [of
horses]. Book II (217). NFS.
cates (n): dainties, delicacies.
Book VIII (844). FS (6-1H6, Errors, Shrew, 1H4, Edw3, Pericles); Udall; Sundrie
Flowers; Marlowe T1, T2; Greene Fr Bac; (anon.) Arden, Dodypoll; Drayton et
al Oldcastle; (disp.) Greene's Groat; Jonson Cynthia.
chair/chare/char (n): chariot
(n). Books II (83, 140), Book XI (293). NFS.
champion/champian (a):
unbroken [fields]. Books I (46, 367, 650), II (336), VII (995, 1015), IX (763).
FS (Edw3); (anon.) Locrine.
chank/chankt (v): chew.
Books VIII (388, 994, 1025) X (826). Dialect of champ.
chaps/chappes (n ): jaws.
Books III (88), IV (120), VI (451, 482), VIII (385, 546), IX (91), XI (66,
422, 430), XII (504, 564), XIII (681), XIV (74, 198). FS (7); Golding Ovid;
Munday Huntington. Heminge's Post. OED contemp citations: 1555 Eden Decades
W. Ind; 1575 Turberv. Bk. Venerie
Charles his waine (n):
the Big Dipper. (See also "wain".) Books I (74), II (222), XIII
(862) XV (392). FS (1H4); (anon.) Cromwell.
chase/chace (n): persecute,
harass. Book XV (194). FS (Rich3, WT). Gascoigne Jocasta; OED cites: 1596
B. Griffin Fidessa xxix, Griefs, chase this earth, that it may fade with anguish.
chaufing/chafing (a): raging.
NFS. Book IX (257).
cheer (n): expression.
Books I (456), II (416, 571), IV (577), XIV (676, 860). FS (5-1H6, Shrew,
1H4, Edw3); Golding Abraham; Brooke Romeus; Sundrie Flowers (E/N); Gascoigne
Jocasta; Watson Hek; Marlowe/Nashe Dido; Greene Alphonsus, James IV; (anon.)
Locrine, Willobie, Penelope; Peele Wives. OED contemp citation: 1559 Mirr.
for Mag.
childers (a): children's.
Book XV (21).
chink (n, v): crack. Book
II (269). FS (5: MND).
chuff/cuffe (n): rustic,
churl. Book V (383). FS (1-1H4). OED cites only one earlier use; (anon.) Woodstock,
Locrine, Nobody/Somebody; Nashe Penniless, Lenten Stuff; Bacon; Jonson.
cited (cyted): summoned,
brought forth. Book XV (144).
cite/cyte (v): (1) summon,
bring forth. Book XV (144). FS (H8).
clawback (n): one who claws
another's back, a toady. Epistle (86). NFS. Cf. Nobody/Somebody.
clear/cleere (a): innocent.
Book XV (49). FS (2-Timon, Temp); Greene Orl Fur.
clees/cleas (n): hoofs.
Books I (930), II (111), IV (455, 768), VI (157), X (134), XIV (350), Book
XV (406). NFS.
clerkly (a): clever, scholarly.
Pref (189). FS (2-MWW, 3d OED citation). (adv): artfully, scholarly. FS (2-2H6,
TGV, 4th citation); Edwards Dam&Pith. (OED missed Golding and Edwards
1st 2 citations.)
clepes: see clips.
clew (n): ball of yarn.
Book VIII (232). FS (1-AWEW).
clifted (a): cleft, split.
Books VII (339), VIII (822). NFS.
climes/clymes (n): regions,
zones. Preface (200). FS (8).
clip/clepe/cleep (v): clasp.
Books VIII (190, 916), IX (546), XIV (667, 858). FS (WT, Corio, A&C, V&A,
PP#11); Lyly Mother Bombie, Woman ... Moon; Marston Malcontent.
clive/cleave/clave (v):
cling. Book III (105), VIII (189). NFS. Cf. (anon.) Arden.
clive/clyve/cleave (v):
split. FS (Ado/cleft). Book XIII (1044).
clod (n): clot. Books I
(8, 24, 506), III (120), XII (267), XV (623, 624). FS (3-John, MM, Ado); Golding
Abr Sac; (anon.) Locrine, Leic Gh.
clottered (a): clotted.
Books I (8), Book XIV (248). NFS.
clout (n): cloth. Books
VI (741), VIII (982), XIII (94). FS (4-R&J, Lear, Hamlet, A&C); Lyly
Campaspe, Gallatea, Sapho, Bombie, Endymion; Greene Orl Fur, James IV; Nashe
Summers.
clowres (n): sward, grassy
ground. Books IV (366), VIII (944), X (174), XI (209), XIII (476), XV (643).
NFS. Rare, Only 16th c. OED citation.
cloyne (n): clown. Book
XIV (593). NFS.
clubbish (a): Book VII
(556). NFS. OED: clumsy, boorish (Nims: "armed with a club").
clung (v): shriveled. Book
VII (612). NFS.
coal carriers/colcaryers/colcariers
(n): hirelings who do the dirty work. Epistle (86), Book XII (60). NFS. Cf.
OED contemp citation: 1567 Fenton Trag. Disc. 70 ... who earst had bene colecaryor
in amarous affaires.
cocker/cockering (v, a):
humor, coddle/indulging. Epistle (78). FS (1-John); Lyly Bombie; Nashe Absurdity.
cods/coddes (n): husks,
pods. Book IV (917). FS (AsYou, but with double meaning).
cods/coddes (n): male genitalia.
Books V (162), VIII (531), Book X (839). FS (AsYou, wordplay); Gascoigne Supposes.
colewort (n): plant of
the cabbage family. Book VIII (824).
coll/cull (v): embrace,
hug. Books II (656), III (485), VI (120), IX (668), X (197, 462). NFS. Cf.
Gascoigne Supposes; Lyly Euphues, Love's Met; Kyd Sol&Per. OED contemp
citations: 1564 Becon Jewel of Joy Wks.
collop/collup (n): slice,
piece. Book V (651). FS (2-1H6, WT); Gascoigne Supposes; Lyly Bombie; Kyd
Sol&Per (referring to circumcision).
comb ... cut (v): comb
is cut: to cut (rarely to cast down) the comb of: to lower the pride of, take
the conceit out of, tame, take down, abash, humiliate. Book IX (117). NFS.
Cf. (anon.) Ironside. OED cites: 1536 Tindale Expos; 1545 Udall Erasm; 1548
Hall Chron.
compassed/compast (a):
arched. Book VI (77). FS (4-Shrew, MWW, T&C, V&A); Lyly Love's Met.
conveying neat (v): stealing
cattle. Preface (42).
cope (v): Book XIV (108).
(1) engage, encounter, come to blows. FS (T&C, V&A). (2) contend with.
FS (3H6, AsYou).
cope (n): (1) covering,
as a cape, canopy, cover over a coffin Cf. Sundrie Flowers (Ever/Never). (2)
cope of heaven: over-arching canopy or vault of heaven. Book II (208). FS
(1-Pericles); Spenser M. Hubbard, Hymn Hon. Love; (anon.) Ironside; Chapman
Iliad. OED cites: 1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 3; 1385 Chaucer L.G.W.;
1460 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems; 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon; 1549 Compl. Scot.
Ded. 3; 1571 Campion Hist. Irel. 1591 Spenser M. Hubberd; 1611 Chapman Iliad.
copemate (n): adversary.
Book XII (133), 1st OED citation. FS (1-Lucrece); (anon.) Arden; (disp.) Greene's
Groat; Chapman All Fooles.
copped/chopt (v): let fall.
Book X (204).
cornel (n): cherry [tree].
Books I (119, 867), XIII (960), throughout Golding's Ovid. The wood of Cornus
mascula was celebrated for its hardness and toughness, whence it was anciently
in request for javelins, arrows, etc.
corse (obs.): corpse, body.
Books III (639, 911), IV (192, 297, 303, 322), VI (348, 355, 360, 374). Used
throughout this work. FS (29); Sundrie Flowers; (anon.) Dodypoll, Leic Gh.
corsie (n): cause of grief,
grievance. Books II (997, 1010), V (532). NFS.
costus (n): fragrant root
of the plant Saussurea lappa, indigenous to Kashmir, that yields an essential
oil used in perfumery, etc. Book X (340). NFS. 1st OED citation in 1607.
cote (v): pass, overtake.
Books VII (1019), X (782). FS (1-Ham); Greene Fr Bacon. OED contemp citations:
1566 Drant Horace; 1599 Sandys Europae; 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev; 1611 Chapman
Iliad.
coteplights (n): folds
of one's garments. Book V (84). NFS.
courbed/courbde (a): curbed.
Books III (35, 851), VIII (185, 999). NFS.
coy (v): caress. Books
II (1084), VII (161, 290), X (126). FS (1-MND). OED contemp citations: 1567
Turberv. Ovid's Epist; 1575 Turberv. Faulconrie .
crack/crake (v): brag.
Book VIII (527). Cf. FS (LLL); Peele Edw I; Greene Alphonsus; (anon.) Ironside,
Willobie (n); (disp.) Greene's Groat; Munday More; Marston Fawn.
cracked (a): fissured.
Book XIV (6). FS (3-Rich2, Lear, Temp).
crazed (a): Nims suggests
weak, oblique. The context implies a meaning of crossed. Book VII (1044).
NFS. Cf. (anon.) Locrine.
creak (v): croak, squawk.
Book XIII (287). NFS.
cresset (n): iron vessel
containing oil, used as a torch. Books IV (597), IX (914), Book XV (945).
FS (1H4).
crisp (a): smooth, shining,
clear. Book IX (47, 322). FS (2-Temp, Timon). Per OED very limited use after
Golding's first.
crope (v): crept. Books
VII (817), XIV (415). NFS.
cuckqueane (n): female
cuckold. Book VI (682), Book X (385). NFS.
cull: see coll.
cullis/cullace (n): strong
broth, esp. nourishing for the sick. Book XII (465). NFS.
Cf. Lyly Campaspe; (anon.) Ironside.
culm (n): soot. Book II
(295). NFS.
culme (a): calm, motionless.
Book VII (679). NFS.
PK curets (n): cuirass. Book III (123), XII (128). Cf. Greene Orl Furioso.
dad (n): father. Book V
(12). FS (King John); others.
danger (n): power, dominion.
Book XII (655). FS (4-Errors, MV, Oth, Lucrece); Brooke Romeus; (anon.) Locrine,
Penelope, Leic Gh; Chapman Revenge.
dared/daarde (v): crouched.
Book XIV (349). NFS.
dart (n): spear, javelin.
Used throughout. FS (many); Marlowe T2; Kyd Cornelia, Sol&Per; (anon.)
Fam Vic, Willobie, Mucedorus, Locrine, Leic Gh; Sidney Antony; Munday More,
Huntington. dart (v): hurl, spear. Books I, II, V. NFS. Greene ? Selimus
daubaken (a): smeared.
Book XI (423). NFS.
daunting (a): dimming,
subduing. Book IV (245). NFS. Cf. Gascoigne Jocasta.
daw (n): simpleton (from
jackdaw). Book VI (47). FS (6-1H6, Ado, Oth, T&C, Corio); Lodge Wounds;
Greene Cony; Lyly Whip..
deft (a): handsome, well
wrought. Book VIII (431). NFS.
delved (a): dug-out. Book
IV (292). FS (Ham, Cymb); Kyd Sp Tr.
demean (v): express. Book
VIII (554). NFS. Cf. Lyly Woman ... Moon.
depart(e)s (v): divides.
Book XV (222). Cf. (disp.) Greenes Groat.
descry (v): reveal, discover,
perceive. Book XV (162). FS (14); Brooke Romeus; Gascoigne Jocasta; Edwards
Dam&Pith; Lodge Wounds; Greene Pandosto, James IV; Watson Tears; Nashe
Saffron; Peele Wives; Sidney Antony; (anon.) Selimus, Ironside, Willobie,
Penelope; Harvey Pierce's Super.
dight (a): constructed,
equipped, prepared; ready dight: fitly prepared.
Books I (568), II (161, 892), III (640), IV (923), VII (318), XIV (733). NFS.
Cf. Brooke Rom&Jul; (anon.) Penelope's Comp.
ding (n): hurl down. Books
XI (912), Book XIV (240). NFS. Cf. Greene ? Selimus; Kyd Sp Tr; (anon.) Willobie;
Nashe Chr Tears; Drayton et al Oldcastle.
divorce (a): separate.
Book VII (515). FS (5-LLL, Timon, 2H4, H5, Edw3). Lambarde uses it identically:
1570-6 Peramb. Kent (1826) 89 It was sometime divorced from the continent
by a water.
dolles (n): palms. Book
VI (458). NFS.
dopt (v): dipped. Book
XIII (1031).
dossers (n): horns. Only
OED citation. Book VII (410). NFS.
dowle/dowel (n): boundary
marker. Book I (152). NFS.
dowle (a): double. Book
XI (267).
dreeping/dreepe (a, v):
drooping/droop. Book XI (415, 706). NFS. See also "overdreep".
dreint (a): drenched. Book
III (773).
drib (v): shoots to miss
the mark. Book XIII (65). FS (MM, "dribbling").; Lyly Gallathea.
OEDcontemp citation: 1572 Churchyard To Rdr. in J. Jones Bathes of Bath, At
rouers they but shot their Shafts, and dribbed wyde a skore.
droopy/droupie (a): gloomy.
Book VIII (2)
drumslade/dromslet (n): Form of drum. Book XII (532). Common in 16th c.
eared/earde/earing (n,
a, v): plowed/plowing. Books III (118), V (595), XV (622). FS (3-Rich2, AWEW,
A&C); (anon.) Ironside.
ech/eatch: increasing,
enlarge, eke out. Book X (569). FS (Pericles).
eft (adv): again, back.
Used throughout. NFS. Cf. Brooke Romeus; Sundrie Flowers (N/E).
eke (adv): also. Used throughout.
FS (7-H5, MND, MWW, AsYou, AWEW); Brook Romeus; (anon.) Willobie, Leic Gh..
eme/eame (n): uncle. Book
V (27). NFS. Cf. (anon.) Locrine.
emmet (n): ant. Book VII
(843). FS (1-Edw3); (anon.) Mucedorus, Willobie.
escried/escryde (v): revealed.
Book XIII (48). NFS.
evenlong/evelong (adv):
straight along the way. Book VIII (712). NFS.
extree (n): axle-tree [of heaven]: imaginary line which forms the axis of the revolution of the earth, a planet, the heavens. Books II (378, 401), VI (222); XV (583). FS (2-1H4, T&C); Golding Ovid; Marlowe/Nashe Dido; Marlowe 1 Tamburlaine (OED missed these citations); Pasquill Apology; Drayton et al Oldcastle.
fadom/fathom (n): The length
covered by the outstretched arms, including the hands to the tip of the longest
finger; hence, a definite measure of 6 feet ..., now chiefly used in taking
soundings. Book VIII (936). FS (2-Oth, Lear).
fain/fayne (adv): pleased.
Book XIV (91). FS (1H6, AsYou); Golding Ovid. (a): 2H6, 2H4). Common.
falchion/fauchon (n): broad
sword. Book V (93). FS (8); Gascoigne Supposes; Kyd Sp Tr; Greene Maiden's
Dream; (anon.) Arden, Ironside.
faltered/foltred (v) [in
the mouth]: stumbled in speech. Book III (340). NFS. Cf. Brooke Rom&Jul
fardle (v): furl. Book
XI (558). NFS.
fat (n): vessel (obs.).
Book II (35).
favor (n): appearance,
features. Book XIII (989). FS (29); Brooke Romeus; Lyly Campaspe, Sapho, Endymion,
Bombie; Greene Cony; Kyd Sp Tr; (anon.) Arden, Weakest; Drayton et al Oldcastle;
Nashe Summers; Chapman Revenge.
featly (a): well, fitly.
Preface (204). FS (2- WT, Temp).
feere/fere (n): mate, companion.
Epistle (183), Books I (470, 582, 594, 583), II (588, 719), III (573), V (630,
703), VI (546), VII (84), VII (84), VIII (53), XI (836), XIV (958). FS (3-
TA, Pericles, TNK); Brooke Romeus; Sundrie Flowers (E/N); Gascoigne Jocasta;
Kyd Sol&Per; (anon.) Locrine, Penelope.
feight (v): possibly feigh,
to winnow. Book III (125). NFS.
fell (n): savage, cruel.
Books I (167), II (110, 582), III (42, 255, 300), IV (536, 559, 624, 768),
VI (434, 676), VII (42, 281, 311, 558), VIII (748, 1039), IX (234), XII (287).
FS (any); Brooke Romeus; Gascoigne Jocasta; Watson Hek, Tears; Kyd Sp Tr,
Sol&Per; Greene ? Selimus; Marlowe Edw2; (anon) Locrine, Mucedorus, Woodstock,
Penelope..
felly/folly (n): rim of
a wheel, supported by spokes. Book II (145). FS (Ham).
fet (v): fetched. Books
III (313), XV (545). FS (2H6, H5); Brooke Romeus; Lodge Wounds; Greene ? Selimus.
fetch (n): trick, stratagem.
Book XIII (48). FS (1-Ham).Gascoigne Jocasta, Supposes; Kyd Sp Tr; Greene
Fr Bacon; Nashe Summers; Chettle Kind Hart.
fisking (v): frisking.
Book XV (184). NFS. Cf. Harvey's Pierce's Super. OED contemp citation: 1523
Fitzherb. Husb. -45 ... ye shall perceyue it by her bytynge, or fyskynge.
fistocke (n): fist. Book
IX (687). NFS. Only OED citation.
fitters (n): pieces. Book
XII (475). NFS. OED cites: 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 374/2 Whiche the
deuil hath by ye blast of his mouth..frushed al to fitters.
flacker (v): flutter. Books
VII (483), VIII (453). NFS. (See also "fleck"). OED cites earlier
only the Coverdale Bible Isa. 6.2.
flaited/flited/flaighted/flayght
(v, a): frightened. Books II (500), III (45), IV (600, 735), V (349), IX (490),
XI (89, 782), XIV (468), XV (578). NFS. OED cites first use.
flask (v): splashed, fluttered.
Books II (1096), V (680), VI (886), VIII (267), XI (544), XIII (1094). NFS.
Only OED citations.
flat . Book XII (580),
either of following meanings. (1) (a): directly, outright. FS (Ado). (2) (n):
flatland, lowland, possibly swampland. FS (Ham, Temp).
flattering (a): coaxing,
beckoning. Book IV (422). FS (3-3H6, R&J, AsYou).
flaw (n): sudden squall.
Book IV (769). FS (4-2H6, Ham, Corio, Pericles); (anon.) Arden.
fleck (v): flutter about.
Book VIII (340). NFS. (See also "flacker".)
fleece (n): flitch (slice).
Book XIII (1035). NFS.
fleet (a): shallow. Book
V (734). NFS.
fleet (v): drift. Books
VII (88, 588, 825), XV (184, 192). FS (many); Golding Abraham; Brooke Romeus;
Sundrie Flowers (STV); Lyly Woman ... Moon; Marlowe T1, Edw2. fleeting (a):
drifting. Book XV (199). FS (3-MV, AsYou, Edw3); (anon.) Locrine.
flewed (a): ref. to the
large chaps of a deep-mouthed hound (e.g. the bloodhound). Book III (269).
FS (MND); Lyly Midas. OED cites: Turberv. Faulconrie.
flightshot/flyghtshot (n):
bowshot. Book VIII (875). NFS.
flintwort (n): aconite,
suggested by Pliny's statement that it grows on bare rocks. Book VII (518).
flitch (n): side. Book
VIII (825). NFS.
fode/foode (v): encourage,
beguile. Books VII (932), Book XI (473, 567). NFS. Cf. Golding Calvin on Ps.
foil/foyle (n, v): stain,
shame, defile. Books I (961), VI (817), VIII (533), IX (223), XII (332). FS
(3-AsYou, Temp, Cymb); Gascoigne Jocasta (anon.) Mucedorus, Penelope; Sidney
Antony.
foil/foyle (v): path, track.
Book VIII (66, 448). NFS.
foin/foyne (n, v): thrust.
Book XII (329). FS (3-MWW, Ado, Lear). ; Lyly Pap; Nashe Valentines.
fond (a): foolish, rash.
(Book II (69, 120). FS (many). Common.
fondling (n): foolish/rash
one. Book II (135). FS (1-V&A); Lyly Woman ... Moon; (anon.) Penelope.
footless (a): without a
leg to stand on. Book XIV (253). NFS.
for the nonce/nones (adv): expressly for the purpose. Book I (569), VIII (398).
FS (3-1H6, 1H4, Ham); Gascoigne Supposes; Edwards Dam&Pith; Harvey Speculum;
Bacon poetry; Marlowe Dido; (anon.) Marprelate.
forbod (n): forbidding,
interdiction. Book XIII (891). (v): past tense of forbad. FS (Lucrece, Lov
Comp).
ford/foord (n): sea. Book
VI (653). NFS.
forfend (v): forbid. Books
VI (423, 443, 444), Book XI (324). FS (8); Udall Erasmus; Lodge Wounds; Greene
Alphonsus; (anon.) Woodstock; Ironside.
forgrown (a): shaggy, covered
with hair, foliage. Book XIV (196, 584). NFS.
forpined (v): pined away.
Book IV (702). NFS.
frame (v): prepare, create.
Books I (297, 632), II (4), IV (388), V (620), VI (228, 259, 599), VIII (861,
915), IX (12, 44, 621), X (153), XII (48), XIII (885, 905, 940), XIV (63,
182, 879), XV (413, 643). FS (many); Edwards Dam&Pith; Lyly Gallathea,
Sapho.
frank (v): cram. Book XV
(84, 96). NFS.
frayed/frayd (v): assaulted,
scared/driven off. Books IX (76, 401), Book XV (754). FS (T&C); Brooke
Romeus. OED cites one contemp (legal) use: 1575 Durham Depos. (Surtees) 286
Neither this examinate nor his brother..ever did lay in wayt nor frayd off
the said Sir Richard Mylner.
frayne (v): No OED appropriate
definition; translates Ovid's "ardet" (burn, glow). The noun "frayne"
can mean an ash. Book XII (248). NFS.
frith (n): field, wood,
possibly a protected area. Books III (205), VII (310), Book XII (370). NFS.
froshes/frosshes (n): frogs.
Book XV (412). NFS.
frows/froes/frowes (n):
women, maenaeds, often Dutch or German, may refer to Bacchantes. Books IV
(32), VI (752),VII (337), IX (760), XI (21, 99). NFS. Cf. Golding Ovid; Pasquil
Return; (anon.) Penelope; Chapman d'Olive.
froward (a): perverse,
forward. Books IV (459), VI (248), XI (467). FS (13).Common.
frusshing (n): crushing,
crashing. Book XV (372).
furniture (n): clothing, personal effects. Book II (913). FS (3-2H6, 1H4, AWEW); Greene Orl Fur.
gad (n): metal bar or spike,
kalso stylus. Book IX (210). FS (1-Titus).
gaincope/gainecope (v):
catch up with, intercept. Book III (283). NFS.
gate (n): way, path. Books
VIII (274), X (182). Cf. Gascoigne Supposes; (anon.) Locrine.
gear/geere (n): furnishings,
equipment. Books VIII (817), XIV (357), XV (173). Cf. Golding Abraham; Brooke
Romeus; Gascoigne Supposes; Lyly Bombie.
gear/geere (n): device,
matter. Book XIV (874). FS (11); Golding Abraham; Sundrie Flowers; Gascoigne
Supposes; Edwards Dam&Pith; Lyly Sapho, Bombie; Marlowe T1, Edw2; Kyd
Sp Tr; Drayton et al Oldcastle; (anon.) Fam Vic; Munday Huntington.
gear/geere (n): clothes.
Book VIII (1065). FS (2H6, LLL); Brooke Romeus; Edwards Dam&Pith; Kyd
Sp Tr.
geat (n): goat. Book V
(418). NFS.
gird/gyrd (v): rush, dart,
move suddenly. Books I (655), II (209), X (765), XII (425, 622), Book XIV
(575). FS (1-Corio?).
gird (v): jibe. Book II
(750). FS (2-1H6, Shrew); Lyly Pap.
gla(u)nced down (v): moved
obliquely. Book VII (289). NFS.
glebeland/glebland (n):
cultivated land, part of a church/clergy benefice. Book X (759). NFS.
glister/glaster (v): glitter.
Books I (80, 975), II (54, 156, 231, 320, 853), III (201), IV (234, 279, 437,
502, 655, 736), VIII (376), IX (812), XI (128, 424), XIII (132), XIV (756
"glistering grape"), Book XV (765, 952). FS (9); Golding Abraham;
Brooke Romeus; Sundrie Flowers (Ever/Never); Gascoigne Jocasta; Watson Hek;
Lyly Gallathea, Woman ... Moon, Midas; Greene Fr Bacon; (anon.) Locrine, Willobie;
(disp.) Cromwell.
gloze/glose (n, v): specious,
over-expansive talk, flattery. Epistle (530). glozers (n): flatterers. FS
(6-LLL, Rich2, H5, TA, T&C, Pericles); Gascoigne Supposes; Edwards Dam&Pith;
Watson Hek; Lyly Campaspe; Kyd Cornelia, Sol&Per; Lodge Wounds; Marlowe
Edw2; (anon.) Ironside, Arden, Willobie; Nashe Menaphon, Summers, Absurdity;
Harvey Pierce's Super; (disp.) Greene's Groat; Greene Maiden's. Cf. (anon.)
Nobody/Somebody (v).
gnarring/gnoorring/gnoring
(v, n): snarling. Books III (269), XIII (680); Golding Calvin on Deut; Harvey
4 Letters.
gobbits/gobbets (n): per
OED sweetmeats. Here and in Shakespeare, shredded uncooked flesh. Book VI
(815). FS (2H6). Neither use cited in OED.
goles (v): gullets. Book
VI (481). NFS.
gorget (n): collar. Cf.
Jocasta. Book VIII (429); FS (1-T&C); Gascoigne Jocasta.
graned/graand (v): choked,
strangled. Book IX (90). OED cites first use in 1613.
greces/greeces (n): flight
of stairs. Books VI (120), VII (752), Book XV (765). FS (TNK).
greedy/greedie gut (n):
glutton. Books III (81, 256); V (562), XV (102). NFS. Cf. Gascoigne Supposes;
(anon.) Mucedorus. OED cites Protestant invective: 1550 Lever Serm. (Arb.)
63 Disceitful Merchauntes, couetous greedyguttes,...;
1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 638/1 ... play the greedie guts without all
measure.
greff (n): graft. Book
XIV (718).
greund/grewnde (n): greyhound,
probably a bitch. Books I (649, 654), III (257), VII (980, 982, 984, 998,
1001, 1013, 1018). FS (5-LLL, 1H4, Shrew, MWW, Corio); Golding Ovid; Oxford
poem (Cardanus); illustration on title page of Willobie (Actaeon). Apparently
adopted by the Earl of Oxford as a heraldic animal during the reign of Henry
VIII.
grins/grinnes (n): animal
or bird snares, probably with a running noose. Books XI (287), XV (527). NFS.
grip/grype (n): vulture.
Books IV (566), Book X (44). FS (1-Lucrece); Norton & Sack Gorboduc.
gripple (a): gripping,
greedy. Book VII (599). NFS. Cf. Spenser FQ; (anon.) Ironside. OED contemp.
citations: 1574 Rich Mercury & Soldier; 1589 Warner Alb. Eng.
groin/groyne (n): snout
of a pig. Books VIII (497), X (836), XIV (326), Book XV (122).
FS (V&A); Golding Abraham.
guard/garde (n, v): decorative
border. Books II (914), V (64). FS (1-MM); (anon.) Mucedorus, Ironside.
guerdon (n, v): prize,
recompense. Books II (361), IV (232), VIII (653, 956). FS (4-2H6, LLL, Ado,
Edw3); Brooke Romeus; Lyly Woman/Moon; Lodge Wounds; Kyd Sp Tr; Marlowe Massacre;
Nashe Summers; Munday Huntington; (anon.) Ironside, Leic Gh.
gulfe/golf (n): quantity
of corn held in one bay of a barn. Book VI (583).
gull (n): gullet. Book
IV (547).
gut (n): passage. Book
XI (157). NFS.
hair-lace (n): headband,
tie, fillet. Book V (759). NFS.
hallow (v): sanctify, purify.
Book XIV (588). FS (2H6).
hallows (n): holy or heathen
shrine/relic. Books XIV (359), Book XV (758). NFS. Cf. Nashe Valentines.
hame (n): stubble. Book
I (596). NFS.
handsel/hansel (n): omen.
Books VI (556, 557, 574), VII (799), IX (683), X (5, 302), XII (245), XV (658,
717). NFS. Cf. Lyly Bombie. OED contemp citations: 1573 Twyne Aneid; 1579-80
North Plutarch.
handsomness (n): ease,
dexterity. Book VI (71). NFS.
handwarp/handywarp (n):
a 16 c. cloth. Books IV (215), Book VI (26). NFS.
harbrough/harbrowgh (n,
v): harbor. Books II (91), III (557, 689, 757, 761, 809, VII (567), VIII (131),
IX (705), XI (526, 549). NFS. Cf. Gascoigne Jocasta; (anon.) Arden. (See also
herbroughless.)
hardels (n): OED defines
as hurdles(?). Book I (138). NFS.
hardly/hardely (adv): (1)
with difficulty. Book II (118). FS (12th, Oth, Edw3); Oxford letter, Kyd Sp
Tr; Sidney Antony; Nashe Summers; Marlowe Edw2; Drayton et al Oldcastle, (anon.)
Mucedorus. (2) forcefully, boldly, firmly. Book XIV (827). Not uncommon.
harry (v): drag. Epistle
(577), Books XII (651), XV (588). NFS.
hault/haut/haught/hawlt (a):
(1) haughty. Epistle (251), Books VIII (785), XII (559); Book XIII (432, 540),
XIV (514). NFS. Cf. Greene James IV; Marlowe Edw2. (2) high, mighty (seas,
majesty). Book IV (657, 668, 786).
havers (n): in the original
Latin, the word means beast. Book VIII (510). Not in OED.
heare (n): hair. (This
spelling has been kept at the end of lines, to illustrate rhyming patterns.)
hedge wine (n): cheap wine;
possibly blackberry (OED). Book VIII (851).
height, in height (adv):
to the utmost, completely. Book XIII (491). FS (many); (anon.) Leic Gh.
hems/hemmes (n): border.
Book II (147). NFS. Cf. Golding Ovid.
hent (a): surrounded, taken.
Books II (296), XIII (1091). FS (1-Ado); Sundrie Flowers; Gascoigne Jocasta;
Sundrie Flowers/Spreta tamen vivunt.
hent (v): seized. Books
IX (211, 428), XI (358). FS (2-MM, WT); Brooke Romeus.
herbroughless (a): harborless.
Book I (255).
herce (n): form of hearse
-- frame. Book III (640).
heronshaw/hernesewe (n):
heron, young heron. Book XIV (661). FS.
hest/heste (n): behest.
Preface (141), Books II (847), VIII (940), Book XIV (339, 685), Book XV (613,
718, 962). FS (LLL, 1H4, Temp); Brooke Romeus; Gascoigne Jocasta; Kyd Sol&Per;
(anon.) Locrine.
high-minded (a): proud,
arrogant. Book XIII (916). FS (1-1H6); Gascoigne Jocasta; Kyd Sol&Per.
hight/hyght (v): is/was
called/named. Epistle (381), Books I (7, 194, 366, 369, 702), II (471, 800,
857, 923, 1050), III (180, 385, 443, 753), IV (843), V (158, 801), VII (640,
890), VIII (337, 738, 807), X (323), XI (336, 360, 745), XII (127, 312), XIII
(1077), XIV (338). FS (4-LLL, MND, Pericles); Golding Abraham; Brooke Romeus;
Watson Hek; Gascoigne Jocasta; Greene G a G, Alphonsus; Kyd Sp Tr; Peele Wives;
Nashe Summers; (anon.) Leic Gh; Munday Huntington.
hight (v): provide. Book
VII (717). NFS.
hill/hille [your heads]
(v): hide, cover. Books I (452), V (824)..
hire/hyre (n): payment,
reward. Epistle (179, 189), Books VIII (166), XIV (16). FS (8); Brooke Romeus;
Watson Hek; Lodge Wounds; Kyd Sol&Pers; (anon.) Dainty Devices, Ironside,
Willobie.
hittymissie (adv): Shakespeare
used hit-or-miss in Troilus. Book VIII (548). Uses per OED: 1553 T. Wilson
Rhet; 1602 Warner Alb. Eng.
hoar/hore (a): grey-white.
Alternate word "hore" would mean filthy or decayed. Books I (277),
VI (670).
Hobby hawk/hauke (n): small
falcon. Book VIII (191).
hoise/hoyse (v): hoist.
Book XIV (495).
host (v): be a guest. Book
V (798). FS (1-Edw3).
hotchpotch/hodgepodge (n):
stew, mixture. Book V (557, 563). NFS. Cf. Lyly Bombie; Nashe Chr Tears, Saffron;
(anon.) Cromwell; Marston Scourge.
hounce (n): ornament on
a horse-collar. Book II (147). NFS.
hugger-mugger/hudther mudther
(n): secrecy. Book XIII (16). FS (Ham); Nashe Summers. OED contemp citations:
1553 Becon Reliques of Rome; 1590 in Acc. & Pap. relating to Mary Q. of
Scots; 1601 Holland Pliny II. 563 Say that this is done in secret and hucker
mucker.
hugy/howgie (a): huge.
Book V (440). FS (Edw3); Brooke Romeus; Robinson Delights; Gascoigne Jocasta;
Kyd Sp Tr; Harvey poem/Shakerly; (anon.) Penelope.
hurly-burly (n): commotion. Book IX (510). FS (4-John, Shrew & 2H4 as hurly only, 1H4); Golding Calvin on Ps; Edwards Dam&Pith; Greene Fr Bacon; Nashe Penniless; Chettle Kind Hart; (anon.) Penelope. OED also cites: 1580 Baret Alv.
imp (n): denotes a child
of. Used throughout.
incontinent (adv): immediately.
Book X (10). FS (4-Rich2, AsYou, Oth, Timon); Lyly Woman ... Moon; Greene
Alphonsus; Marlowe T1; (anon.) Nobody/Somebody, Locrine, Leic Gh; Chapman
Iliad.
infest (a): hostile, envenomed.
Book IV (610). FS (1-Temp, as a verb); Gascoigne Jocasta.
infringed (a): uninfringed.
Book VII (622).
ingrain/ingrayne (a): dyed
in grain, dyed with fast colors. Book X (223).
intermitted (v): interrupted.
FS (1: JC). Book I (938). Cf. Sidney Mark Antony.
iwis/ywis/ywus (adv): surely.
Books I (949), X (374, 721), XIII (936), XIV (753). FS (4-Rich3, Shrew, MV,
Pericles); Sundrie Flowers; (anon.) Ironside, Willobie Nobody/Somebody, Penelope;
Nashe Almond; (disp.) Harvey 4 Letters; Cromwell. Common.
jennet/genet (n): small
horse, originally Spanish-bred. Books II (211), VI (158). FS (3-Edw3, Oth,
V&A); Brooke Romeus; Lodge Wounds.
jet/jetting (v): stroll/strolling.
Book II (721). FS (4-Rich3, 12th, Cymb, TA); Lodge Wounds; Kyd Sol&Per;
Greene James IV; Marlowe Edw2; (anon.) Woodstock, Dodypoll, Willobie, Arden,
Leic Gh; Nashe Chr. Tears.
job (v): peck, stab at.
Books XIII (733), XIV (448). NFS. Cf. Golding Calvin on Deut.
jowle; wide-jowled/wydegoawld
(a): wide-cropped. Book XI (867). NFS.
just (n): joust. Book IX (58).
keeverings (n): coverings.
Book XI (710). NFS.
kell (n): kiln. Book VII
(151). NFS.
ken (v): espy, see. Books
VII (490, 627), XI (543), XIII (991), XIV (280). FS (4-2H6, T&C, Edw3,
TNK); Greene Alphonsus. kenning (n): sight. Book X (58). NFS.
kew/cue (n): frame of mind. Book IX (725). NFS.
kindle (v): give birth.
Book IX (389). FS (5-John, AsYou, A&C, H8, Lucrece); Golding Ovid; Sidney
Antony; Drayton et al Oldcastle; (disp.) Cromwell, (anon.) Leic Gh.
kirtle (n): cloak. Book
II (841). FS (2-PP, Sonnet 20).
kiver (n): cover. Book
XV (62).
knap (n): summit. Books
VII (1010), XI (391), XII (368). NFS. OED contemp citation: 1548 Hall Chron.
knapped/napt (v): struck,
knocked. Book XII (283). FS (2-MV, Lear).
kneeler-down (n): Hercules
constellation. Book VIII (244). NFS.
knops (n): knobs. Book
I (406.
kye /kie (n): cattle. Book II (870)
labels of her socks (n):
narrow strips of fabric/laces for her foot-coverings/sandals. Book X (690).
Lapiths: tribe of Thessaly.
Ancestral home of many of the eponymous Hellenic ancestors. Humans who fought
the Centaurs at the wedding of their King Pirithous, companion of Theseus.
Book XII. Cf. Lyly Pap.
latch (v): grasp. Book
VIII (544, 762). FS (1-Sonnet 113).
lawnd/laund (n): pasture,
open field. Books II (566, 608), V (717), Book VII (1009), Book X (619), XI
(165), XIII (1023). FS (3-3H6, TNK, V&A); Lyly Woman ... Moon; Marlowe
Edw2; Greene Fr Bacon, Orl Fur; (disp.) Greene's Groat; Nashe Penniless.
at ... lay (v): urged.
Book IX (804).
leaning lake (n): lake
with sloping banks. Book IX (403). NFS.
leech/leache (n): physician.
Book VII (717). FS (1-Timon); Brooke Romeus; (anon.) Penelope.
leechcraft (n): medicine.
Books X (197), XV (598). NFS.
leef: see lief.
[un]leeful: [un]lawful.
Book III (419). NFS.
leese (v): lose. Book I
(742). FS (1: Sonnet 5); Watson Hek; Edwards Dam&Pith; Gascoigne Supposes;
Kyd Sp Tr; Greene Geo a Greene, ? Selimus.
leesings (n): idle labors.
Epistle (537). NFS.
leet (n): district, often
created for legal purposes. Book VIII (977). FS (2-Oth, Shrew/both possibly
legal terms).
leman (n): sweetheart,
lover. Books I (755, 771), IV (286, 336), IX (171, 175). FS (3-2H4, MWW, 12th);
Greene G a G; Nashe Valentines. Common.
let/letteth [his course]
(v): hinder, slow down, prevent. Epistle (538), Books II (209, 1022), III
(723), IV (78, 79, 91, 96, 931), V (673), VIII (269), X (270), XV (544). Used
throughout, common.
let (n): hindrance. Books
III (61), VI (862), IX (568), XIII (451, 954). Used throughout.
lever (adv): rather. Apparent
form of "liefer". Book XV (93). NFS. Cf. Golding Abraham.
lief/leef/liefe (n, a):beloved.
liefest (a): dearest. Books II (814), V (650), XIV (773). NFS. Cf. Lyly Woman
... Moon; Greene George a Greene.
lights (n): lungs. Books
II (1004), XII (405). NFS.
lime twig/lymetwigge (n):
twig spread with birdlime. Book XV (528). FS (2-2H6, AWEW); Lyly Gallatea;
Nashe Penniless; (anon.) Nobody/Somebody.
line (v): lain. Book VII
(1040).
lithe/lither/lythe (a):
(1) yielding, soft, pliant Book III (613, 865), IV (435), V (536), VII (170,
378), VIII (303, 453, 1027), X (109, 206), XIII (943), XIV (489). FS (1-1H6);
Golding Ovid. OED contemp citation: 1565 Cooper Thesaurus, s.v. Brachium,
Cerea brachia, Nice and liether arms. (2) weak, sluggish, calm, lazy. Epistle
(116), Books XI (711), XII (351). NFS.
losel/lozell (n): scoundrel.
Book XIII (139). NFS. Cf. Lodge Wounds; Greene G a G; (anon.) Locrine; Munday
Huntington.
lucert (n): lizard. Book
V (570, 571). NFS.
luring (v): calling. Book
XIV (453). NFS.
luskish (a): lazy, sluggish. Book XI (752). NFS. Cf. Gascoigne Supposes.
main/mayne (a): solid.
Book XIII (954). FS (6-2H6, H8, T&C, A&C).
main (n): force, strength.
Book XIII (272), FS (4-1H4, MV, T&C, Sonnet 60); Edwards Dam&Pith;
Lyly Whip.
mainly/maynely (adv): rapidly.
Book IX (96). FS (1-H4).
make (n): mate. Books VII
(1038), VIII (883), XI (478), XII (443), XIV (775). FS (Lear); Sundrie Flowers.
manchet/mancheate (n):
fine wheaten bread. Book XI (133). NFS. Cf. Oxford Cardanus poem. OED also
cites: 1577 Harrison England
marcusotte (v): cut a beard
in the marquisotte fashion. Book XIII (904). NFS. Cf. Greene Coney-Catching.
OED contemp citations: 1580 J. Jeffere Bugbears; 1588 Losses Span. Navy in
Harl. Misc. (1753).
maree/marie (n): marrow.
Books IX (214, 575), X (565), Boox XIV (244, 400, 487).
marish/marris (n): marsh.
Book XV (3810.
mast (n): fruit (nuts etc.)
from various forest trees. Books VII (751), Boox XIV (252). FS (Timon).
mastic/masticke (n): gum,
resin. Book XV (799). NFS.
masty (n): large dog, probably
mastiff. Book XIV (77). NFS. Cf. (anon.) Locrine.
mattock (n): digging tool
with a blade with an adze on one side, and a kind of pick on the other. Book
XI (38, 880). FS (3-R&J, Titus); Peele Wives; Lyly Midas.
maugre/mauger: (fr) in
spite of. Books IV (444), VI (427). FS (3-12th, Titus, Lear); Golding Abraham;
Brooke Romeus; Lyly Midas; Kyd Sol&Per; Greene Orl Fur, Alphonsus, Pandosto;
(anon.) Mucedorus, Locrine, Ironside, Nobody/Somebody, Penelope, Leic Gh,
Pasquil Countercuff; Harvey Sonnet, 3d Letter.
maund/mawnd (n): woven
basket with handles. Books V (493), VIII (853), XIV (307). FS (1-Lov. Comp).
mauther/modther/moother
(n): young girl. Books IX (929), Book XII (518, 519). NFS. Chiefly found in
East Anglia; also found in Gloucestershire, Herts, and Sheffield. OED contemp
citations: 1573 Tusser Husb. 1591 Fraunce Yuychurch; 1610 B. Jonson Alch.
may (n): maiden. Book II
(561).
mazer (n): hardwood drinking-bowl,
originally made of "mazer" (maple) wood. Book VIII (848). FS (Ham);
Lyly Pap.
meacock/meicock (n): coward,
weakling, effeminate one. Book III (692). FS (1-Shrew); (anon.) Penelope;
Harvey Pierce's Super.
mead/mede (n): meadow.
Books II (269), IV (421), Book V (206). FS (6). Common.
meddle/medle (v): mix.
Book VII (578). NFS. Cf. (anon.) Cromwell.
meed (n): reward, prize.
Epistle (172, 592), Books II (947), IX (492), XIII (496). FS (19); Sundry
Flowers (E/N); Kyd Sp Tr; Narlowe T1; Lyly Woman ... Moon; (anon.) Arden,
Nobody/Somebody.
mell (v): meddle. Book
XIII (195). FS (1-AWEW); (anon.) Willobie.
mer/mere/meere (n): lake,
pond, possibly marsh or fen. Books I (41), VIII (790)
merry-go-down (n): strong
ale. Book V (556). Nashe Lenten Stuff. 3 citations in OED, including Nashe:
1500 Songs & Carols; 1577 Harrison England
meter/meeter (n): poem.
Book IX (932). FS (1H4, Rich2, Sonnets)
meynt (v): mingled,mixed.
Past tense of "meng". Books IV (170), XIII (659), XIV (69, 318).
NFS. OED cites Surrey, Turberville, Spenser, others.
minion/minyon (n, a): dainty,
pretty. Book XIV (592). NFS as adj. OED contemp. citations: 1542 Udall Erasm;1553
Roister D.; 1579 Puttenham Partheniades.
moil/mooyl/moyl (v): worry,
fret, wallow. NFS. Book IX (502). Cf. Edwards Dam&Pith (1st OED citation).
OED contemp citations: 1575 Gascoigne Flowers; 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb.
moly (n): mythological
herb having a white flower and a black root, endowed with magic properties;
said by Homer to have been given by Hermes to Odysseus as a charm against
Circe's sorceries. The Homeric moly is by some writers identified with the
mandrake, but Theophrastus and Dioscorides apply the name to some species
of garlic (Allium). Epistle (278), Book XIV (338). Cf. Lyly Euphues, Gallatea;
Greene Orl Fur, James IV. OED cites also : 1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 42
... as Homers Moly against Witchcraft.
mops (n): term of endearment
for a young girl. Book III (203). NFS. Cf. Lyly Woman ... Moon, Midas.
morion (n): helmet. Book
VI (96), XII (143). NFS. Cf. Sidney Antony; possibly Nashe Summers.
Morning (n): refers to
the Goddess Aurora. Book XIII (689, 708).
murrain/murren (n): plague. Books VII (786), XV (703). FS (3-Temp, Troilus, Corio); Edwards Dam&Pith; Nashe Penniless; (anon.) Woodstock; Drayton et al Oldcastle. OED cites Hall's Chron, dramatic uses from Heywood, Ingelend, Richards, (anon.) Gammer Gurton, others.
nave (n): central part
of the wheel. Book II (401). FS (2-Ham, Mac).
neat/nete (n): cattle/cow.
Books V (205, 419), VIII (745), XI (179, 283). FS (3-3H6, WT, Corio); Golding
Ovid; Sundrie Flowers. neatherd/neatheard (n): cowherd. Book I (623). FS (Cymb)
neb (n): (1) beak or bill
of a bird. Cf. Golding Ovid. (2) mouth, sometimes face of a person. FS (WT,
1st OED citation).
neck-verse/neckeverse (n)):
Latin verse shown to defendant in a capital case; claiming benefit of clergy
because of ability to read would save him from hanging. Book VI (8). NFS.
OED cites first use with the verb "put to" (similar to "put
the question").
nice/nyce (a): picky, hard
to please. Book IX (506). FS (many).
nock (n): notch. Book VI
(296). NFS.
noddle (n): back. Book
V (149). NFS.
noddy/noddie/noddle (n):
simpleton. Book III (521). FS (2-TGV); Edwards Dam&Pith; Greene Cony;
Lyly Whip, Bombie; (anon.) Dodypoll; Chettle Kind Hart.
nosethrills (n): nostrils.
Used sparingly, at least through the 17th c. Book XII (477). NFS. Cf. Pasquil
Apology.
not/notte (v): clip short. Book XI (205).
oofe: woof. Book IV (215).
open/uppen (v): mention.
Book XII (179).
orient (a): shining like
the dawn, bright red. Books III (610), X (223). FS (2-Edw3); Lyly Woman ...
Moon; Nashe Summers; (anon.) Leic Gh. OED contemp citation: 1578 Lyte Dodoens
ii. ix. 158 The floures ...be of an excellent shining or orient redde.
originall (n): origin.
Book XV (64). FS (2-2H4, MND); (disp.) Cromwell.
orpid/orped (a): fierce.
Books VII (560), VIII (526), XI (420), XIII (911). NFS. (per OED Golding Ovid
Bok VIII 1st of 2 known uses); 1594 Constable Venus & Adonis vii, For
an orped swine Smit him in the groyne.
ouch/owche (n): buckle,
brooch, clasp. Book X (282). FS (24).
out of hand (adv). suddenly,
immediately. Books I (391), II (1048), III (117, 388, 696, 877), IV (595,
937), V (185, 229, 483, 694), VI (243), VII (65, 110), VIII (598), XI (95),
XII (677), XIII (282), XIV (99, 470), Book XV (948). FS (4: 1H6, 3H6, Titus,
Edw3); Holinshed; Golding Abraham; Holinshed; Lodge Wounds; Gascoigne Jocasta;
Greene Alphonsus, James IV; Sidney Antony; (anon.) Yorkshire.
overdreep (v): droop over.
Books XI (686), XIII (993).
overraft (v): overreached.
Book I (570).
overseen (a): deceived; sometimes self-deceived, rash. Book II (78). FS (Lucrece).
packing (n): intrigue,
conspiracy. Books II (681), IX (372). FS (5-Shrew, MWW, Cymb, Lear, Edw3);
Gascoigne Supposes; Kyd Sol&Per; Lyly Bombie.
pall (n): mantle, robe.
Book XI (683). FS (Mac, as a verb).
palmed (a): having a palm
or flat expanded part with projecting points. Book III (162).
panion (n): companion.
Book XIII (56).
parget (n): plaster. Book
IV (100). NFS.
pass/past (v): care for,
heed. Books VII (725), X (653), XI (787), XIII (991), XIV (713). FS (2H5,
Mac); many others. Common.
paunch (n, v): stab, wound
in the paunch, disembowel. Book XIII (1016). FS (1-Tempest); Kyd Sp Tr; Florio,
Viscerare.
paynim (n): pagan, heathen.
Epistle (321, 444), Preface (3). NFS.
peakishly (adv): NFS. OED
suggests obscurely, remotely. No other use noted. Book VI (663). NFS.
peends (v): pends. Book
XIII (972). NFS.
peevish (n): small, silly.
Book V (554). FS (many). common.
peise/peyse/poise (v):
weigh, balance. Books I (13), VIII (271), X (187). FS (2-Rich3, John); Brooke
Rom&Jul; Marston Malcontent.
pelt (n): wound. Book VI
(319). NFS.
pelting (a): paltry. Books
V (553), VI (12, 663), VIII (805), XV (472). FS (7-Rich2, MND, T&C, MM,
Lear, TNK); Lyly Campaspe, Gallatea, Endymion, Midas, Bombie; (anon.) Woodstock,
Willobie; Harvey 4 Letters; Chettle Kind Hart.
panion (n): companion.
Book XIII (56).
perbreak/perbrake (v):
spew up, vomit. Book VI (839). NFS. Cf. Marlowe T1.
perst (v): perished. Book
XIV (546). NFS. (Nims: Ovid's word "mersit" means "sunk, overwhelmed.")
pied-coat/pydecote (a):
wearing a multicolored coat. Book IX (815). NFS.
pies (n): refers to transformation of Euippe's daughters into magpies (see Book V). Epistle (117), Book V (377, 828).
pie/pye (n): magpie, wily
person (thief). Book XI (360),
pight/pyght (v): pitched,
thrust. Books II (23, 837, 981), IX (424), X (512). FS (2-Cymb, T&C);
Greene Maiden's Dream; (anon.) Willobie.
pile/pyle (n): pyre. Book
XIV (92). NFS.
pine/pyne (v): starve.
Book VIII (975). FS; Brooke Rom&Jul.
pinsons (n): pincers. Book
VI (709). NFS.
pipkins (n): pots. Book
VI (815). NFS.
pismire/pismere (n): ant.
Applied contemptuously to persons. Book VII (819). FS (1-1H4); Bacon poem;
Jonson Revels.
plash (n): pond, small
pool of water. Book XIV (58, 62, 67). FS (1-Shrew); Spenser FQ.
platter mouth (n): possibly
broad and flat, as per OED def. of "platter face". Book XV (574).
NFS.
plight/plyght (n): condition
(favorable or unfavorable). Favorable only: Books IV (263), XV. FS (3 -MWW,
T&C, Sonnet 28); Golding Abraham; Brooke Romeus.
poldrens (n): shoulder-plates.
Book III (122). NFS,
policy/pollycie (n): trickery,
cunning. Book XIII (256). FS (many); Gascoigne Supposes; Lyly Campaspe, Sapho,
Endymion, Bombie; Kyd Sp Tr, Sol&Per; Greene Pandosto, ? Selimus; (anon.)
Woodstock, Locrine, Fam Vic, Ironside, Nobody, Leic Gh; Chettle Kind Hart.
Wide contemp use. A major Shakespeare preoccupation, i.e.: 1H4: Neuer did
base and rotten Policy / Colour her working with such deadly wounds.
pommy (n): pumice (obs.
form) Books III (186), VIII (722), X (811). NFS.
pomp (n): ceremony, esp.
parade. Books II (901), Book XIV (863). FS (John, MND, Titus).
pook (n): mischievous spirit or demon, once identified with the Biblical devil, later more often as a mischievous goblin or imp. Book IX (766). FS. OED contemp citation: 1590 Shakes. MND, 1595 Spenser Epithal. 341 Ne let the
Pouke, nor other euill
sprights, ...
porkepisces (n): undoubtedly
porkepes, a form of porpoise (porkefishes); dolphins. Books I (352), II (340).
NFS.
prank (v): sport, show
off. Book VIII (944). FS (3-12th, Corio, WT); Lyly Sapho; Greene James IV.
preace (v): press. Book
I (798). NFS. (n): press of people. Books X (682), XII (56, 398). NFS. Golding
Abraham; Brooke Romeus; Edwards Dam&Pith; Kyd Sol&Per; Greene Fr Bac;
(anon.) Locrine; Oxford letter.
prest (v): impress. Book
XIV (525). NFS.
prew/preu (a): valiant
(from preu). Book XIII (154). Final OED citation: 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss.
I. i. 1 Wherby the prewe and hardy may haue ensample ....
prick (n): (1) mark. Book
V (720). FS (many); Watson Hek; Greene Fr Bac; (anon.) Famous Victories. (2)
highest point. Book VIII (417).
pritch [taking ... pritch],
(n): taking ... offense. Book VII (470). NFS. Only known uses before 17th
c. by Golding,incl. 1571 Calvin on Ps.
puissance (n): power, military
army/might. Books (VI), (IX). FS (7-2H6, 3H6, John, 2H4, H5, Lear, TNK); Golding
Ovid; Greene G a G, Pandosto, ? Selimus; (anon.) Locrine, Leic Gh; Spenser
FQ. puissant/puyssant (a): powerful. FS (11); Golding Ovid; Marlowe T1; Kyd
Sp Tr; (anon.) Woodstock, Mucedorus, Leic Gh; Nashe Unf Trav. Books VI (544),
XI (344), XII (557), XV (495). FS (11); Golding Ovid; Marlowe T1; Kyd Sp Tr;
(anon.) Woodstock, Mucedorus, Leic Gh; Nashe Unf Trav.
pulled/poulde (a): shorn. Book I (693). NFS. Cf. Edwards Dam&Pith.
queach (n): dense bushy growth, thicket. Epistle, Books I (138), IV (418), XIV (966). (OED 3d citation). queachy (a): forming a dense grove or thicket. NFS. Cf. Golding Ovid (1st use per OED). Somewhat rare.
quean (n): hussy, strumpet.
Book III (320). FS (4-R&J, 2H4, MWW); many others. Common.
quest (n): pack (as in
hunting hounds). Book XII (269). NFS. Cf. Lyly Bombie.
quetch (v): move. Book
V (770). NFS.
quite/quight (v): acquit,
absolve. Book VII (543).
quoth/quoath (v): faint. OED cites only Golding's Ovid Books V (86), Book VII (1112). NFS.
race (n): course. Book
XIV (164). FS (3-John, MM, Sonnet 51); Golding Abraham; Edwards Dam&Pith;
Sidney Ps; (anon.) Willobie; Spencer FQ. (2) taste, flavor. FS (A&C).
rack (n): manger. Book
VII (697). NFS.
rake (v)s: ruts. Book II
(175, 364). NFS.
randon, at (adv): flowing
swiftly (per OED). Book I (339). NFS.
rase/raze (v): rage, growl,
bark. Book XIV (466). NFS. Cf. (anon.) Fam Vic.
raspis, heps/heppes, haws/hawes,
cornels/cornelles (n): raspberries, fruit of the wild rose, hawthorn, Cornelian
cherry tree (which was cultivated in Britain). Book I (119).
rate (n): manner. Books
XII (145), XIV (484).FS (MV); (anon.) Willobie; Spenser FQ.
rathe (a): early. Book
IV (240). NFS. rather (adv): earlier. Book VIII (798). FS (Oth).
raught (v): seized, snatched,
grabbed. Books II (589), III (71, 224, 543), V (70, 152), XIII (512). FS (4-2H6,
3H6, H5, A&C); OED cites only Golding: 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xix;
1583 Calvin on Deut. xix. raughtish (a): harsh. (only OED citation). Books
IX (922), XIV (325). NFS.
ravine (n): violence, force.
Book I (162). NFS.
reach (v): hold out to.
Book VII (533). FS (1-Titus); Lyly Campaspe, Endymion; (anon.) Mucedorus,
Woodstock; (disp.) Greene's Groat.
rear (n): peal, noise,
roar. Books VII (830), VIII (567), XIII (1029). OED cites Hudson Du Bartas
Judith.
rear/reere (v): shout,
roar. Books IV (474), Book IX (215). NFS.
rear/reere (v): raise,
create. Books XII (601), XV (973). FS (Titus); Hall Chron.; Spenser FQ.
rear (a): underdone. Not
uncommon. Book VIII (846).
reave/reeve (v): plunder,
rob. Book XII (275). FS (3-2H6, AWEW, V&A); Brooke Romeus; Gascoigne Jocasta;
Greene Orl Fur; Marlowe Edw2; Sidney Antony; (anon.) Locrine.
rebate (v). blunt, repulse.
Book XII (548). FS (2-MM, Edw3); Greene Orl Fur; Lodge Rosaline.
rede/reede (v): Advise,
counsel. Book X (655). FS (Ham); Greene Alphonsus. Common.
reek (n): water-plant,
seaweed. Books IV (362), XI (266), XIV (44). NFS.
reermice (n): bats. Book
IV (513).
remain/remayne (v): await.
Book XI (623, 915). NFS.
repreef (v): reproof. Book
X (230). NFS.
resolved (a): dissolved.
Book IX (198, 575). FS (Ham); Marlowe T1.
resty/restie (a): (1) rancid,
stale. Book VIII (826). FS (1-Edw3). OED contemp citations: 1547 Boorde Introd.
Knowl; 1575 Turberv. Faulconrie. (2) sluggish, lazy, disinclined to obey orders.
Book XIV (493). FS (3-Cymb, T&C, Sonnet 100); Lyly Pap; Nashe Almond.
OED cites: 1565 Cooper Thesaurus; 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps.
retch (v): reach out. Books
II (252), VI (458). NFS. Cf. Sidney Antony
retchless (a): reckless.
Book II (167). NFS.
revolt (v): return. Book
X (68). FS (2H6).
riddle (n): coarse-meshed
sieve, used for separating chaff from corn etc. Book XII (465). NFS.
rig/rigge (n): likely obs.
form of ridge (OED: plows that rig/ridge the land). Book I (156). NFS.
risp (n): twig. Book XV
(527). NFS.
rittle-rattles (n): rattles,
sistrums, probably Egyptian rattles with three loose and running wires cross
them. Book IX (819). NFS.
rivel [skin] (a): wrinkle.
Book III (338). FS (T&C); Marston Malcontent.
rock (n): distaff. Books
IV (269, 277), VI (26). NFS.
rode (n): roadstead, place
of anchor. Book XII (10, 41, 201). NFS.
roil/roayl (v): roam, wander.
Books II (870), III (18), Book XI (412). NFS.
roping (v): forming ropes
or rope-like threads, esp. of a viscid or glutinous nature. Books I (136),
Book XII (478). FS (2-H5).
rother (n): of the ox family.
Books IV (781), VII (700), XV (92). FS (1-Timon).
roused/rowzed (v): rested,
settled. Book XIII (918). OED only citation before 16th c.: 1563 Foxe A. &
M.
rout (n): company, crowd. Books I (210, 577), II (554), IV (38, 576), V (52, 195, 385), XII (313), XIV (52, 275). FS (10); Golding Abraham; Brooke Romeus; Marlowe T2, Edw2; Lyly Whip; Greene Maiden's Dream; Drayton et al Oldcastle; Chettle Kind Hart; (anon.) Locrine, Penelope, Leic Gh.
roume (n): room. Book I
(28, 44).
rovers (n): marks. Book
II (257). NFS. Per OED: 1572 Churchyard To Rdr. in J. Jones Bathes of Bath,
At rouers they but ...
ruck (v): huddle, crouch.
Books VI (552), XV (441). FS (3H6). OED contemp citations: 1555 W. Watreman
Fardle Facions ; 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. ; 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut.
ruckt (v): stacked, leaned.
Book VI (755). NFS.
rudesby (n): rude fellow.
Book VI (723). FS (Shrew, 12th).
ruff (n): high degree of
excitement. Books XII (318), XIII (108). NFS. Cf.
ruffled [hair] (a): disordered.
Books IV (587, 688), Book XIII (818). NFS.
runagate/ronneagate (n): vagabond, deserter, renegade. Book XIV (777). FS (4-Rich3, R&J, Cymb); Golding Gascoigne Supposes; Greene Alphonsus. ? Selimus; Nashe Martin Marp, Unfor Travel, Almond; Marlowe T1, Edw2; Chettle Kind Hart; (anon). Locrine. OED contemp citations: 1548 Hall Chron.; 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist.
sadly (adv): soberly. Book
VII (392). FS (Ado); Greene James IV. A common contemp meaning, shown by the
OED: 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, I. 69 Thei daunsed with Ladies sadly, and
communed not with the ladies after the fashion of Maskers, but behaved themselves
sadly.
sallow (n): plant of the
willow family. Books VIII (453, 833, 837), IX (118), Book X (102).
scantlings (n): samples
(first OED citation). Epistle (279). FS (Troilus).
scape (n): transgression.
Book IV (211). FS (2-WT, Lucrece).
scathe (n): harm. Book
XI (167). FS (5-2H6, Rich3, R&J, Titus, John); Kyd Sol&Per; Greene
G A G; (anon.) Locrine; Munday Huntington..
seely/sielie (a): silly,
innocent, vulnerable. Books I (274, 411, 422, 612, 649), IV (541, 770), V
(501, 747, 770), VII (783), XIII (1084), Book XV (109). FS (many); others.
sense/sence (v): offer
incense to. Book XI (671). NFS.
set you quite beside: take
from you. Book V (395). NFS.
sew (v): drain, ooze. Book
IV (759). NFS.
shacky/shackie/shack-hair/shakheard
(a): shaggy. Book I (275), Book XIII (1084). NFS. Metamorphoses only OED citation.
shawm/shalme (n): medieval
instrument, similar to oboes. Books IV (486), XI (17), XIV (612).
sheen/shene (a, n): bright.
Books II (476), III (201, 771), IV (471), XIV (783), XV (616). FS (2-MND,
Ham).
sheen (a): beautiful. Book
XI (878). NFS. Cf. Greene Menaphon; Spenser FQ. OED contemp citation: 1586
? Montgomerie Banks of Helicon.
sheer/shere (a): clear,
pure, translucent. Books II (148), III (607), IV (364, 507), VII (356, 420),
(921, 997), X (85, 856), XIII (988), XIV (455, 685), Book XV (149, 270). FS
(2-Shrew, Rich2).
shent (a): disgraced. Book
II (710). FS (5-MWW, 12th, T&C, Ham, Corio); Brooke Romeus; Edwards Dam&Pith;
Lyly Endmion; (anon.) Penelope.
shield (v): forbid. Book
VII (51). FS (2-R&J, AWEW). Does not include "God shield".
shield (n): the tough side
skin of a boar. Book VIII (382, 553?).
sight (v): possible past
tense of (1) sight, spy, or (2) sigh. Book III (239).
shirl (a): (1) shrill.
Books II (12), III (270, 623), XII (926), XIV (485). NFS. (2) rough. Books
VIII (995), XV (235). NFS.
shiver (n): splinter. Books
VIII (603), XIV (640]. FS (Rich2, Troilus); Gascoigne Jocasta; Watson Hek,
Tears; Lyly Campaspe, Endymion; Nashe Astrophel. shivered (a): splintered.
FS (1-Edw3).
shock (n): crowd: Book
VII (145). 2d of 3 OED citations. NFS.
shoring (n): slope. Book
VIII (258, 1st of 2 OED citations). NFS. shoringness (n): pitch, slant. Only
OED citation. Book VIII (841).
shraming/shreaming (v):
screaming. Books IV (486), VIII (140). NFS.
sicker (a): certain, secure.
NFS. Book IV (193).
silly: see "seely"
singles (n): entrails.
Book VII (353). Only citation in OED. NFS.
sithes (n): times. Book
II (14). NFS.
skene/skaine (n): dagger,
widely used by Irish and Scots. Book V (220). NFS.
skill (v): mattes, care.
Books VII (93), VIII (812), XIII (327). FS (Shrew, 12th, 2H6); Lyly Campaspe,
Endymion, Love's Met, Gallathea; Greene Fr Bac; Chettle Kind Hart; (anon.)
Fam Vic, Ironside, Leic Gh; (disp.) Greene's Groat.
skud/skudde (v): hurried.
Book II (725). NFS.
sleight/slight [of hand] (n):
craft, trickery. Books I (540), IV (945). FS (3H6, Mac); Leic Gh; others.
Common.
slugging/sluggish (v, a):
lazing one/lazy, slow. Book V (546, 682). FS (3, present tense). sluggy (a)
lazy. NFS. Cf. (anon.) Ironside.
snetched (v): slaughtered
(only known use per OED). Book V (149).
snudge (n): niggard. Book
III (821). NFS. Cf. Nashe Summers.
sod (v): seethed. Books
II (317, 318), Book V (559). FS (2-Lucrece, TNK); Lyly Bombie.
soot (a): sweet. Not uncommon.
Book VIII (845).
soothfast (a): truthful.
Book III (427), Book XV (654). NFS.
souse (n): heavy blow.
Book V (148). NFS. Cf. Robert the Devil; Spenser FQ.
souse (v): swoope, pounce.
Book VIII (192). FS (1-John); Watson Hek.
sowpeth (v): soaks, drifts.
Book VII (90). NFS.
spalt (a): brittle, short-grained.
Book X (100), 1st OED citation. NFS.
speed (v): fare, succeed.
Books V (392), X (506), XIII (1085), XIV (37). FS (19+, ); Golding Abraham;
many others.
spill (v): kill. Books
IV (291), IX (653), XIV (882). FS (3-Ham, Lear, Lucrese); Golding Abraham;
Brooke Romeus; Lyly Euphues; Spenser FQ; (anon.) Woodstock, Willobie, Penelope,
Leic Gh.
spindle-shank (v): a long
and slender leg (OED misses this first known use). Book III (231). NFS.
spire/spyre (v): rise in
a spiral form. Book X (303). NFS.
spirget (n): peg. Book
VIII (830). NFS.
spirk (v): sprout, shoot.
Book IV (310). NFS.
spitter (n): young deer.
Book X (124). NFS.
sprent (v): sprayed. Book
XV (233). NFS. Cf. Brooke Romeus; Watson Hek.
springe/sprindge (n)):
snare for catching small game, spec allusion to woodcocks. Book XV (527).
FS (3-Ham, WT); Lyly Whip
spurn (v): kick. Book V
(51). FS (many); Cf. Brooke Romeus; (anon.) Woodstock, Dodypoll, Arden; (disp.)
Cromwell.
square, out of square (a):
awry. Books II (536), IV (675), XIV (563). NFS. Cf. Edwards Dam&Pith.
stack (v): stuck. Book
IX (153).
stark (a): rigid, stiff.
Book XIV (868). NFS. starkly (adv): stiffly. FS (MM).
steale/stele (n): shaft.
Books I (568), V (484), XII (404). NFS.
stealing (v): gliding steadily
and imperceptibly. Book XIV (682). FS (6-Rich3, Errors, WT, Ham, V&A,
Sonnet 33); Kyd Sol&Per. Common.
stear (v): stir. Books
V (116, 431), X (564).
sted/stead (n): assistance.
Book VI (428). NFS.
stiff-staring (a): [hair]
standing up straight. Books III (113), X (486). FS (1-Tempest).
stilling (v): trickling,
distilling. Bok I (1593).2d of 2 OED citations. The other: 1542 Wyatt Poems,
Process of time 6 And yet an hert that sems so tender receveth no dropp of
the stilling teres that ...
stint (v): cease, stop.
Book VIII (1095). FS (R&J, Timon·); Gascoigne Steele Gl.
stomach/stomacke (n): appetite
for, inclination. Epistle (481), Preface (150), Book IX (721). FS (MV, Temp);
Antony. Used throughout Golding's Ovid. Cf. Greene Alphonsus.
stomach/stomake (n): temper,
pride. Books VI (210), VIII (750). FS (2-Shrew, H8); Lyly Endymion; Greene
G a G; Alphonsus; (anon.) Marprelate, Ironside, Weakest; Spenser FQ; Harvey
Pierce's Super; Sidney Antony.
stomacke/stomach (n): disposition.
Book X (51). FS (Lear, Ado).
stomach/stomacke
(v): take offense, resent. Books I (190), IV (229), Book VI (167). NFS. Cf.
Greene Alphonsus; Marlowe Edw2.
stond (n): possibly obs.
var. of stand. Book I (341).
stound/stownd (n): (1)
amazement. Books IV (161), X (69), XI (408), XIV (125). NFS. (2) time. Books
V (376), VI (745). NFS.
stour/stoor/stowre/stur
(a): fierce, violent, harsh, rough. Epistle (521), Books III (374), V (40),
VIII (564), X (173), XIII (903). NFS. stourenesse (n): coarseness, roughness,
stiffness. Book VII (788). NFS.
stout (a): bold, resolute.
Epistle (56, 194, 251), Preface (61, 193), V (386). FS (3-2H6, 1H4, John);
Golding Abraham; Brooke Romeus; Greene Orl Fur, Fr Bacon; Sidney Arcadia;
(anon.) Ironside, Arden, Willobie, Penelope, Leic Gh.
stoutness (n): courage,
bravery. Books IV (804), IX (200, 386, 529). FS (Corio); Golding Abraham;
(anon.) Woodstock, Mucedorus.
stover (n): fodder, winter
hay. Book V (435). FS (1-Temp.)
straught (a): distraught.
Book III (833, 869).
streeke (v): strike. Book
XIII (260).
stripe/strype (n): stroke,
blow. Books II (760), III (82, 102, 412, 413), X (421), XII (529, 538). FS
(4-WT, Temp, A&C, Corio); Lodge Wounds; Kyd Sol&Pers; Spenser FQ.
strond (n): strand, grassy
shoreline. Book XIV (505). FS (1H4) Kyd Sp Tr, (anon.) Lucrine.
stroygood (n): destructive
or wasteful person. Book XI (455). NFS. OED contemp citations: 1573-80 Tusser
Husb. (1878) 21 A giddie braine maister, and stroyal his knaue, brings ruling
to ruine and thrift to hergraue. 1540 Palsgr. Acolastus i. iii. F iij b, I
reioyce..to be called Acolastus .i. a stroygood, or a prodigal felow.
stulp (n): stoop -- post,
pillar. Book XIV (848). NFS.
stunting (v): holding back.
Book VIII (940). NFS.
sty/stie (v): rise up,
soar. Books IV (819, 875), V (319, 636, 747, 795), VII (452), Book VIII (198,
991), Book XV (164, 955). NFS. Cf. Munday Hungtington.
surmise (v): accuse. Book
XV (560). NFS.
swale (n): shade. Book
V (427). NFS.
swart (a): (1) livid through
suffering: livid through suffering. Books II (301, 966), XII (463). NFS. (2)
dark-complexioned. Book XII (357). FS (Errors, Sonnet 28); (anon.) Woodstock;
Spenser FQ.
sweaked (v): swung. Book
VIII (945). NFS.
swelteth (v): is ready
to die of emotion. Books III (585), VI (627). NFS. Cf. Watson Tears.
swift (n): small lizard, newt. Book V (576). NFS.
tables (n): tablets, inscribed
decorations, pictures, medallions; Books I (106), V (134), VIII (931), IX
(624, 631, 680, 682, 686, 707, 716, 932), Book X (121, 287, 592). FS (Ham).
Common.
tackling/tacklings (n):
task, undertaking. Only OED citation in this sense much later. Book VI (61).
NFS.
target (n): shield. Books
IV (976), Book XII (143, 156, 514, 686). FS (many), Edwards Dam&Pith;
Gascoigne Jocasta, Kyd Sol&Per; Lyly Campaspe; Greene ? Selimus; Marlowe
Edw2; Sidney Antony; (anon.) Locrine.
tarriance (n): delay. Book
III (60). FS (2-TGV, PP); Golding Caesar. OED contemp citations: 1542 Udall
Erasm; 1576 U. Fulwell Ars Adulandi.
taunt/tawnt (n): branch,
twig. Book VII (819). NFS.
team-ware/teemeware (n):
team of horses. Book V (811). NFS.
teen (n): wrath, malice,
anguish. Books III (418), V (634), VII (500), XI (400), XII (591, 641), XIII
(731), XV (253, 258). FS (5-Rich3, LLL, Temp, V&A, L Comp).
teil/teyle (n): lime or
linden tree. Book VIII (795). NFS.
terve (v): bend. Book V
(417). NFS.
tettish (a): peevish, irritable.
Book XIII (940). NFS. Cf. Nashe Penniless.
thews (n): attributes.
Book IV (862). NFS. Cf. Mirr. Mag; Spenser FQ; (anon.) Arden (as a verb).
thirl/turle (v): spun.
Books III (80), VIII (241). NFS. Cf. Watson Hek.
thirse/thyrsus (n): staff
decorated at the end with an ornament resembling pine cone and wreathed with
vines. Books III (685), IV (8), XI (29). NFS.
tho: then. Used throughout.
thow (v): thaw. Book II
(1066).
throat-boll/throat-bowl/throteboll
(n): Adams apple. Books III (87), V (423), VI (523), VII (154), XII (324,
356). NFS.
tide (n): time. Book XI
(586)
tillman/tilman (n): farmer,
tiler of the soil. Books I (323), XV (123, 134, 622). NFS.
tines (n): wild vetch,
tare. Book V (602). NFS.
tire/tyre (v): tear flesh,
as a hawk. Books X (44), XI (63), XIV (228). FS (3H6, V&A); Watson Hek;
Lodge Catharos; Lyly Midas; (anon.) Leicester's Gh.
tod/todde (n): bushy mass,
cluster. Books II (750), XI (26). FS (4-WT, WT).
toil/toyle (n): net, snare.
Books II (617), III (172, 177, 446), VII (901, 995, 996, 1048), VIII (447),
Book XIV (543). FS (5-LLL, JC, Ham, A&C, Pericles); Edwards Dam&Pith;
Kyd Sol&Per; Greene Fr Bac; Narkiwe Dido, Massacre; (anon.) Woodstock,
Arden.
tolleth (v): entices. Book
VIII (288, 1045). NFS.
tools (n): weapons. Book
III (53).
tooting on (v): looking
at. Book III (634). NFS. Cf. Brooke Romeus.
toys (n): antics. Books
VI (793), X (280). FS (many); Golding Abr Sac; Brooke Romeus; Gascoigne Jocasta,
Supposes; Watson Tears; Edwards Dam&Pith; Lyly Campaspe, Midas; Greene
Selimus; Kyd Sp Tr; Marlowe T1, Edw2; Nashe Summers; (anon.) Willobie.
tozing/toozing (n): combing
(of wool etc.). Book XIV (305). NFS.
train/trayne/treyne (n):
trap. Books I (229), IX (699, 810), XIII (204). FS (4-Errors, Rich3, Mac);
Gascoigne Jocasta; Lyly Gallathea, Kyd Sp Tr, Sol&Per; Marlowe Edw2; Chettle
Kind Hart; Drayton et al Oldcastle; Spenser FQ; (anon.) Willobie, Penelope.
(2) plan. FS (many); (anon.) Nobody/Somebody.
traverse (n): curtain,
screen. Book XIV (300). NFS.
tree (n): wood (structure
of wood, as in wooden horse). Books VIII (174), IX (868). Cf. Marlowe Dido.
trice (v): pull back. Book
VII (563). NFS.
triple world (n): The latin
triplex mundus (earth, air, water), used often by Elizabethan dramatists.
Book XV (969). FS (1-A&C); Greene Alphonsus, Orl Fur; Marlowe T1, T2.
A&C (I.1.) The triple pillar of the world transform'd / Into a strumpet's
fool
troll (v): spin, whirl,
roll, bowl. Books II (264), Book X (779). FS (2-WT, Temp); (anon.) Arden.
trot (n): old hag, sometimes
bawd. Book V (554). FS (2-Shrew, MM); Gascoigne Supposes; Greene Orl Fur;
(anon.) Mucedorus, Dodypoll; Marston, Chapman, Jonson Eastward Ho.
trow (n): think, believe
confidently. Book XIV (158). FS (16); Golding Abraham; Brooke Romeus; Sundrie
Flowers (E/N); Edwards Dam&Pith; Lodge Wounds, Greene G a G, Alphonsus,
James IV; Marlowe Jew/Malta, Edw2; (anon.) Woodstock, Marprelate, Ironside,
Willobie; Drayton et al Oldcastle; Pasquil Apology.
tubbish (a): round, resembling
a tub (1st use per OED). Book IV (485). NFS.
tush (n): tusk. Book VIII
(384). FS (V&A).
twibill (n): double-bladed battle-ax. Book IV (28).
uncouth (n): strange news.
Book XII (196). NFS. uncouth (a): unfamiliar, strange. Books XIII (1103),
XIV (66). FS (3-AsYou, Titus, Lucrece).
uneath/unneth (adv): uneasily,
with difficulty. Books II (378), X (551). FS (1-2H6).
unpend (v): free (per OED,
only known use). Book I (331). NFS.
unrazed (a): unwounded.
Book XII (98). NFS.
ure (n): use. Books I (531),
II (823). NFS. Cf. Gascoigne Jocasta; Marlowe Jew of Malta; Greene Alphonsus;
(anon.) Weakest, Penelope.
uttered/uttred (v): ejected. Book XIV (247). FS (Ado, JC); Spenser Shep. Cal; Chettle Kind Hart.
vaunst/vaunced [herself] (v,
trans.): lifts herself/rises. Books I (934, 946, 952), V (515). Book XV (752).
NFS.
vaunt (v, n): boast, triumph. Epistle (118, 241), III (227), V (233), VIII (372, 642), IX (19, 68), XII (430), XIII (175, 277, 327, 873). FS ((3-2H6, H5, Sonnet 15); Greene ? Selimus.
wag, held/hilld ... wag
(v): held at bay. Book XII (489). NFS. OED contemp citation: 1540 J. Heywood
Wit & Folly (Percy Soc.) 12, ... That I wyll hold ye wagg a nother way.
wain/wayne (n): cart, chariot.
(See also "Charles his wain".) Books II (192, 212, 215, 221, 227,
265, 660), IV (779), X (513), XII (309). NFS (except in phrase "Charles
wain"); Cf. Edwards Dam&Pith; Greene ? Selimus; Spenser Shep. Cal,
FQ.
wales (n): waves. Book
II (16). NFS.
wallop (n): rapid and noisy
boiling (per OED possibly derived from gallop). Book VII (343). NFS.
wanton (1): frolicksome,
skittish. Book XIV (297). FS (2H4, PP). Not uncommon.
wanze [away] (v): waste
away. Books III (618), VI (58). NFS. Cf. Nashe Chr Tears.
ward (v): stand guard.
Book I (691, 777, 780). FS (3-Rich3, T&C, Titus); Kyd Sp Tr; Greene Fr
Bac; Lyly Midas; (anon.) Arden, Willobie.
warly (a): warlike. Book V (58).